Arthur Miller’s Crucible? Essay

Even until the last few scenes of the play in Act VI Proctor still feels guilty. He states: â€Å"I cannot mount the gibbet like a saint. It is a fraud. † Just like in Act II he lets his guilt dictate his behaviour. He feels he has already condemned himself to Hell so doing any more lying will make no difference. It is only in the very last scene, when he refuses to allow his confession to be pinned to the church door, that he realises he can still be good and does the right thing. If the paper was nailed to the door the villagers would see that Proctor admitted to witchcraft and assume the others were liars. Some may argue that he is not a good man even at the end of the novel because when he does not allow for the confession to be nailed to the door this is showing his pride; he even shouts: ‘Because it is my name’ In his speech he repeats the word ‘name’ many times which shows how significant his good reputation still is to him and this could be seen as him having dishonourable intentions. However this could be interpreted, I think that the reason that Proctor does not want to have his name put on the church door is because he does not want to be the person who is calling his friends witches in the eyes of the villagers. He states: ‘I have given you my soul; leave me my name’. In signing the paper he has lied and committed a sin which due to his strict beliefs he would feel his soul was not worthy of heaven, however he does not want to commit the sin of tarnishing the reputation of the other honest villagers. I think this shows Proctor to be a good man because he does not care that he has committed a lie and so condemned his soul to hell but does care that he should blacken Rebecca Nurse’s. In the same way he does not care if he is hanged as long as Rebecca can die with her good reputation intact. He also places emphasis on his own name because he does not want to commit the sin of lying to the whole village- this shows that he values the morals he believes in and does not want to lie to so many people. I think Miller shows the struggle within Proctor to do the right thing and die or to do the wrong thing and live as a comparison with those who in the McCarthy regime wrongly accused others to save themselves from imprisonment. Miller is telling the audience that people like him who did get imprisoned were making the real sacrifice and doing the right thing whereas those who accused others were weak like Mary Warren and too cowardly to be imprisoned. John’s refusal to name other people who he has supposedly seen with the Devil also shows that he is a good man because he refuses to condemn others to the fate of death. Unlike the girls and many of the other accused witches he does not use this as an opportunity to dispense revenge on his enemies. In doing this he shows himself to be a moral superior to the other villagers and this also draws parallels with what Arthur Miller himself did when he was questioned by the House of Un- American Activities. He refused to be manipulated and went to prison for a short time rather than allowing himself to succumb to petty vengeance bred by the feeling of fear. Arthur Miller shows John as a hero here because he has done the right thing in the end and not lowered himself to the sinful acts of others in his community. Miller shows that people may act good and show good morals like Mary Warren when she shouts: ‘I believe in God’ but this is a facade because although to the society Mary looks like a reformed sinner in reality she is still sinning. However Proctor and others like Rebecca Nurse have to look like sinners and slaves of the Devil in order to keep to good morals. This irony shown by Miller helps him to illustrate how the McCarthy regime like the witch trials instead of causing goodness bred vengeance and evil. At the end of the play we know John Proctor to be a good man. His initial flaws of guilt and adultery were countered by his eventual admittance of his sins and standing up for the truth. His decisions to eventually tell the truth and die rather than lying and tarnishing the reputation of the villager’s show what a good person he was. His flaws were used by Miller to give his message to American society: people in their time who were being prosecuted by John McCarthy may have flaws just like Proctor but really the true evil lay within the House itself and that the people were innocent and just victims to jealousy and the injustice of hysteria just like Proctor was in Salem. The main technique of irony: the judges and accusers seemed like moral superiors yet the judges were manipulative and the accuser’ vengeful whereas Proctor who was flawed and thus seemed sinful did not succumb to either evils. This helps strengthen Miller’s message about the people who accused others of Communism and the House itself. The universal purpose is to remind people that jealousy and hysteria are dangerous things and that even ideal societies like the democracy of America and the theocracy of Salem can be unjust and uncivilised and this is shown brilliantly by the harsh and cruel manipulative manner of the judges. In Salem’s idea of goodness Proctor was a good man at the end of the play because he was sorry for his sins and believed in God; he even demonstrated this by refusing to lie at the end. Like all humans he had flaws but he overcame these by doing the right thing at the end. In Miller’s and modern times, he is also a good man because we respect people who stand up for what they believe in like Proctor did in the courts and also we value truth he stood for in an ever increasing world of media lies and propaganda. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Critical response to ‘Z for Zachariah’ Essay

The book I read is ‘Z for Zachariah’ by Robert C. O’Brien. I enjoyed this book because it contained few but excellent characters and is full of mystery and suspense. ‘Z for Zachariah’ is about a sixteen-year-old girl, called Ann Burden who thinks she is the only person to survive a nuclear war. However, as her diary entries progress, you learn of a person in a green suit who is pulling what looks like a trailer covered with the same green material as the suit approaching Ann Burden’s valley. Later in the diary you find out that the person is a man who had been an industrial chemist before the war, working for the Government designing a suit to protect people in the event of a nuclear explosion. His name is Mr Loomis and he is wearing the only one of these suits. When Mr Loomis finally arrives in the valley, he is amazed by the fact that there is water, which appears to be safe but Mr Loomis makes one severe mistake. When he checks the water for the level of radiation with his Geiger counter he in fact checks the clean water in the stream but then goes on to venture further down the valley, where he finds Ann Burden’s home where the polluted Burden Creek is nearby. Once Mr Loomis has seen inside Ann’s house (where Ann has cleverly hidden any clues that could show the visitor that there has been people living there recently) he then proceeds towards Burden Creek in the hope of getting his first bath in probably months. However, not realising that the stream and Creek are not connected and in fact the Creek runs into the valley from over the hill where the pollution is, he jumps right in. Within a very short period of time after Mr Loomis has had his bath he became very ill, as he had been exposed to a lot of radiation. When Mr Loomis becomes sick Ann then realises she will have to help him and that is when she first shows herself. Ann’s diary entries take you through the events that happen when she is and is not in the company of Mr Loomis. My favourite part of the book is the first three diary entries. In these diary entries Mr Loomis has not yet arrived in the valley however Ann has seen smoke from over the hill for three days, which she presumes is from a human made fire because it is in a thin column that it rises. The smoke comes at the same time everyday, in late afternoon. Each afternoon the smoke is nearer to Ann’s home. I like this part of the book the most because in it you find out what it has been like for Ann being alone for so long because her family left her to look for other people and had never returned. It is interesting to read Ann’s thoughts of being excited and scared that she may in fact not be the only person left in the world. It is obvious why Ann would be excited about someone else coming into the valley but maybe not so clear why she would be scared. Ann is scared because after the nuclear explosion some radio stations had still broadcasted, but towards the end of them broadcasting the presenters seemed to be going crazy. Here is a quote from the second diary entry which will explain why Ann is scared â€Å"Suppose a car came over the hill, and I ran out, and whoever was in it got out – suppose he was crazy? Or suppose it was someone mean, or cruel, and brutal? A murderer? What could I do?† After this quote, you realise that Ann is a very sensible and careful person because she decides to move her things to a cave nearby her home and make it look as though no one has lived in her house. That way she can watch whoever is coming into her valley and if they are crazy or mean she can stay in the cave unbeknown to the visitor and wait until they leave. At the end of the third diary entry Ann has still not seen anyone but knows that they are camping at the crossroads and exploring North, South, East, West and when they come into the South they will find Ann’s valley. The most remarkable character in the book I think is Ann Burden. She is careful, mature, kind, helpful, sensible, confused, and strategic/logical. In the following paragraph I will explain why Ann Burden is all of the things I have just said: The reason I think Ann is careful is because when Mr Loomis is first entering the valley she goes to the cave to live there as she does not know if Mr Loomis is ‘safe.’ During the book ‘Z for Zachariah’ you realise that in fact even though Ann is only sixteen she is more mature than Mr Loomis who is quite a bit older than Ann. The proof that shows this, is all of the words I am using to describe her and she also thinks about having children to begin the human-race again. The words kind, helpful and sensible describe Ann well because when Mr Loomis is ill with radiation poisoning she helps him and is kind to him even though he’s a stranger. Also Ann still helps Mr Loomis after he tried to rape her – she gives him half of everything i.e. eggs, milk and chicken and lets him have the comforts of her home while she moves into the cave. It is obvious that Ann is confused, as she does not know why Mr Loomis is being so horrible to her especially when she has done everything she can to be nice to him and to help him. The last words to describe Ann are strategic and logical; I think these words describe Ann well because when she does not want Mr Loomis to find her she thinks about what he can and cannot see e.g. when she builds a fire she thinks about where and how to build it so Mr Loomis can’t see it – she also thinks about what time of the day to light it. The style of ‘Z for Zachariah’ is in diary form. Throughout the book there were not many figures of speech, however, there were a few similes, here is a quote from the book that describes Ann’s dog Faro when he has returned from the dead lands where there is radiation, in it there is a simile â€Å"as thin as a skeleton.† The structure of ‘Z for Zachariah’ is in chronological order, each event happening in an order that makes sense and makes the story more intense and interesting. During the book, there is not much direct speech as the genre of the book is in diary form so it contains more of the thoughts and feelings of Ann Burden. The themes in the book are effects of modern technology, survival, dominance, bullying, age against youth, optimism/realism, breeding, art v science and religion v atheism. In the following sentences, I will discuss the themes that occur in ‘Z for Zachariah.’ The first theme ‘effects of modern technology’ is the theme that allowed the story to occur because nothing in the book would have happened had there not been a nuclear explosion. The themes of survival, dominance and age against youth are all linked together and are in a way very similar to each other. These three themes are perhaps the strongest and most occurring ones throughout the book, I will explain why: survival of course is going to be a major issue, Ann is the one who thinks about this the most having thought of growing her own crops, so when the supplies run out in the shop she will still have food to survive, and that is just one example. Throughout the book Mr Loomis tries to be the stereotypical ‘Alpha male,’ he wants everything to be done his own way and to be done by him. For example when Ann said she would go into the town with the safe suit to collect books, even though Mr Loomis is still ill he refuses to let her go, perhaps thinking she is incapable or he could have been worried she wouldn’t come back with the safe suit, although I think the first scenario is more likely. The only time Mr Loomis seemed to let Ann do things her way is when he could not do things for himself, however, he never admitted it. ‘Age against youth’ is another strong theme as throughout the book you realise that Mr Loomis even though he is older he is not always wiser and more mature, in fact Ann is definitely the more mature of the two characters. Optimism and realism are two words that can explain Ann and Mr Loomis’ completely different personalities. Ann being the optimist who thinks that the results of an action will always be good and Mr Loomis being the realist he makes decisions based on facts and not on false hope. Throughout the book breeding is a theme, but more with Ann – she thinks towards the future and beginning the human-race again. The theme of art v science is one that occurs throughout the book. As Ann is interested in art and Mr Loomis is interested in science, a few quarrels occur between them. However, ‘quarrels’ is perhaps the wrong word because Mr Loomis always seemed to get his own way. Again, I will use the example of when Ann wanted to use the safe suit to collect some engineering and physics books for Mr Loomis; she also suggested that she get some for herself. Such as poetry. Yet Mr Loomis refused and said, â€Å"You could not go. Understand that. Keep away from the suit. Never touch it.† After Mr Loomis had given Ann his lecture, she could not understand why he had become so angry. It was alright if he wanted something but as soon as Ann wanted something to do with her interests, it was too much of a risk. Religion v atheism is a theme in the book. Ann being the religious one and Mr Loomis the atheist. I don’t think Ann is strongly religious, I just think she finds going to the church and praying a ‘comforting factor.’ Earlier I said Mr Loomis is an atheist. This means that he doesn’t believe that any god or gods exist, therefore he does not understand why Ann would want to go to the church and ‘waste her time’ praying. I enjoyed this book because there were few characters, which allowed you to get to know them better. I also liked the style of the book being in diary form because you didn’t have to read the minute by minute accounts of what is happening in the book you only get to read the exciting and more intense parts which would be written in a diary. The thing that made the book a little boring was the fact that there weren’t many different figures of speech. The length I though was too long, some parts of the book seemed to be dragged out to give it a longer length, for example when Mr Loomis is sick the book got a little boring because in the diary entries you really were only told what Ann had did that day, there wasn’t enough character interaction. One thing that I thought ruined the book was the ending, I thought it was exciting when you were told that there was hope that there could be other people still living and you wanted to keep reading and know if there was anyone else out there, but it just stopped. Taking the entire book into account my opinion is that it is quite good as I think it gives a good insight into what could happen if there is a nuclear explosion – it is realistic.

Why has the South Beach Diet been successful?

It is said that the success of dieters in weight loss supported by the South Beach Diet, is totally caused by the science behind the plan. If you interest in South Beach Diet, you can realize that it is a logical, and also healthy method which help you lose weight effectively. Certainly, you want to know how it works. Simply, let talk about what the basics of metabolism is. It is indicated by a series of processes when food is turned into fuel for the body. If these processes are optimzed, you are able to lose weight easily. Moreover, metabolism is affected negatively when the blood glucose levels are high.The only way to stabilize high blood glucose levels is to increase the production of insulin. If not, you are able to catch diabetes. There are three phases in The South Beach Diet. It takes two weeks for the first phase. The main task is to remove carbohydrates, level blood glucose, as well as fire up your metabolism. Time for weighting loss is down when you reduce your high sugar levels. By removing an entire food group, you’ll do this easily. However, if you use this method for long periods, you’ll probably feel unhealthy. It’s useful for short periods ( two weeks only ).The phase 2 is began with the improvement of your metabolic function evidently. At that time, you can enjoy progressively foods from all of the basic food groups came from South Beach Diet. Unless your goal weight is over, the progress will still be continued. Certainly, you need these kind of food groups to have a good health too. You also learn how to choose foods better to optimize metabolism positively ( without having high glucose levels ) . About South Beach Diet, you’ll easily recognize the the difference between †bad carbohydrates† and â€Å"good carbohydrates†.Apart from, the concepts of â€Å"good fats† and â€Å"bad fats† are also discovered by the dieter. Obviously, the foodstuffs which have lower numbers on the Glyce mic Index are good. In short, The South Beach Diet give you a chance to lose weight quicly as well as effectively. Moreover, it still helps you to maintain this for the long term. Beginning with the metabolism in Phase One and increasing foods from all of the basic food groups progressively in Phase Two, you’ll be able to recoginze the different clearly. That’s all what The South Beach Diet works for us.

The Greco-Roman Tradition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Greco-Roman Tradition - Essay Example Every hero also has his own personal characteristics that help to make him the kind of person he is, and these are the aspects of the hero that people around him witness and perceive. Homer’s Odyssey talks about how Odysseus laments the death of Achilles and wishes for humility and trust within humanity rather than the achievements he had wished for at war. Here it has been explained how a hero’s quality has a necessity towards his life and those of others around him; how he must be able to stand away from the general jibes and finally, how the present culture depicts a part of him. Thus, through this tragedy, Greek Myth-o-poetic tradition has been able to help people understand the kind of idealism heroes must contain. Stoicism on the other hand is an aspect of life that involves a person to withdraw from any kind of frivolities and fun; it is helps a person to retain himself from the pursuit of adventure and happiness that life brings about, and in turn, teaches one t o remain calm and composed despite any kind of circumstance that he may be thrust within. This is very opposite of most Greek tragedies and dramas because they help to portray the vision of a hero with the help of his emotions and feelings.

The Balanced Scorecard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Balanced Scorecard - Essay Example Who and how it is being promoted today, how it is being used to link employee performance to organizational strategy, and how successful have the companies been who have adopted the Scorecard as a performance measurement and strategy implementation tool in the long-term. This study will answer these questions. "What you measure is what you get" is an often-heard phrase, which emphasizes the importance of performance measurement to the success of an organization. Performance measurement can be defined as the quantification of either a process output or the activities that constitute that process. An effective set of performance measures should have the following characteristics: (a) communicate and summarize those critical activities necessary to meet customer requirements, (b) reflect outputs of processes and outcomes (how customers value the outputs), (c) be comprehensive, and (d) provide feedback to the organization (Atkinson, Waterhouse, & Wells, 1997). Selecting the proper performance measures is one of the key challenges facing management (Ittner & Larcker, 1998), yet it is perhaps the most misunderstood and difficult aspect of a management control systems (Atkinson, Waterhouse et al., 1997). Performance measures can be financial or non-financial. Financial (or traditional) performance measures are dollar value measures produced by the organization's accounting system. Examples of financial measures would include return on investment, return on equity, operating margin, unit cost, or cost variances. Non-financial performance measures are typically derived from outside the accounting system. Examples of non-financial measures include customer satisfaction measures, manufacturing cycle time, new product introductions, R&D productivity, market growth, and market share. Observers have noted that performance measurement has gained added significance, because organizations are faced with the twin challenges of adapting to new rules of competition and responding to the rapid changes often taking place in the marketplace (Stivers & Joyce, 2000). The factors driving this evolution are the opportunities and formidable challenges of escalating globalization, the increasing transparency of manager actions, the need to develop intangible assets to sustain competitive advantage, the escalating pace of technological change, an increase in competition among firms, and the rise of process change initiatives such as TQM (Malina & Selto, 2001). The right measures correctly linked to the organization's strategy gives managers and employees the guidance they need to act appropriately (Kaplan & Norton, 1996). This conclusion is echoed by a survey of executives indicating that performance measurement is critical in translating a business strategy into results (Lingle & Schiemann, 1996). Performance measures designed outside of the strategic planning process creates potential for disconnect. The reason performance measurement systems fail to live up to expectations is commonly attributed to this disconnect (Atkinson, Waterhouse et al., 1997). Traditional accounting-based performance measures, with their one-dimensional focus on financial results, have been criticized as not being up to the task faced by modern organizations. The sense is that financial performa

An Analysis of Delivering Benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Analysis of Delivering Benefits - Essay Example Therefore FedEx in order to curtail its health care expenses offered variety of different health care plans; previously the company was facilitating employees health care needs by offering health care benefits through managed care programs like HMO (health maintenance organization) and PPO (preferred provider organization) but later company realized that there is further need of improvements in this regard. As a result company offered various different health care plans; the main logic behind this act was to engage more and more employees in the health care benefits plans by giving them various options to choose from, so that they can be best served and company on the other hand can save handsome amount of money. For achieving this target FedEx very succinctly offered its employees the option to choose from the current health care providers, however if one plans to see a doctor that is not under the panel of FedEx then different volume of deduction will be carried out from employees salaries. By educating and informing employees about the services and pathway related to avail these services resulted in controlling the health care budget up to great extent. As employees at time often go to see a doctor for minor problems because of the health care allowances that their companies are offering. Furthermore there are several other options that employees can use in order to cheat in this regard. These miss usages of health care facilities resulted in paying companies more; moreover to further worsen this situation inflation related to health care services are growing rapidly. As a result companies have no options but to muzzle these expenses as was the case with FedEx. FedEx timely and calculated action in terms of enhancing its policies regarding health care services proved to of vital importance as employees were not questioning the extra deductions because every thing was explained to them prior and they were given the power to choose from the different offerings . Ultimately results in controlling and muzzling the health care expenses genie. Answer 2: It is believe that companies when searching or hiring for employees look for a physically fit and energetic employees so that they can gain maximum advantage from them. As Human Resource manager are always looking to hire an individual that will turn out to be an asset for the company not a liability. However human beings at times are fragile and have tendencies to be affected from the environment and get some diseases. There are some that are born with some diseases. Therefore companies while recruiting look for physical fit employees in most situations especially companies that require more physical fitness like logistics industry. FedEx falls under the category of courier and logistics service provider company, therefore their hunt for fit employees is obvious, furthermore after hiring the company ensures that these fit recruits should remain fit for the longer run so that they can best ser ve the company’s purpose. In a recent past FedEx in order to best serve its employees not only made adjustments in the health care benefits programs but also created a department that provides medical assistance by giving advices regarding how to remain fit. Furthermore employees can even ask or share their fitness related issues from them especially those who are having chronic diseases like asthma, sugar and arthritis. The main logic

Apostolic Christianity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Apostolic Christianity - Research Paper Example As well as being a powerfully important time with respect to the early growth of the Christian faith, this time period is also responsible for providing all of the works of the New Testament. As such, this period is of significant importance both historically and doctrinally as the foundations of Christianity were defined and the early church formed and differentiated itself in many profound ways. However, beyond a merely historical or theological approach, the study of early apostolic Christianity has taken on a greater relevance of late due to the fact that many scholars are arguing for Christianity to return to a more apostolic model such that the very fundamentals of the Christian faith would be preserved in a real and recognizable way.One of the most important aspects of defining and understanding the historical nature in which the early church operated is attempting to understand the way that its structure worked. This is of special consideration for Biblical scholars and theol ogians who seek to rectify the views of how the individual apostles saw different topics and how they worked to rectify these view within the structure of the early church. In a phrase, the study of this juxtaposition can be called a form of conflict resolution. As certain figures in the early church, notably Peter, were quick to speak and slow to listen, understanding the way in which such figures sought the church’s advice and guidance in seeking to resolve a given issue is of extreme importance (Engelke 2009). This fact is especially important to those that wish to draw a level of inference to the current time, as well as the current individual, with respect to how issues are brought in line with the church by way of the scriptures. As such, understanding the actions, decisions, theology, and conflicts/resolutions that occurred in the early church is a fundamental way in which individuals and theologians can work to understand parallels in the way in which current church doctrines coalesce with those that were implemented and practiced by the early church. Several distinct schools of thought exist with relation to this. As described by Alistair McGrath in his book Single Source Tradition, these methods of interpretation include: single-source tradition, dual source tradition, and a total rejection of tradition (McGrath 1999). As the title of the book implies, McGrath focuses on the single-source tradition as a means of explicating and understanding the way in which the early church operated. Such single-source tradition relies on an understanding of the apostolic Christianity and the traditions that the apostles practiced as a way to contextualize and understand certain precepts and meanings from a theological point of view. Such a historically relevant theological approach demands that the user understand key concepts, beliefs and historical factors as a means of implementing these to better the Christian experience currently. As such, one of the most interesting components of such a means of analysis is not the fact that it places theological research within the context of history but it necessarily requires the current church and individual to reacquaint himself/herself with the fundamental

The Art of War by Sun Tzu Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Art of War by Sun Tzu - Assignment Example Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy’s resistance without fighting† (p. 8) In fact, The Art of War has survived the test of times and it is amazing that the book is still contemporary and considered one of the finest accounts of strategic management. Although, it was meant to strengthen the military forces of ancient China, the doctrines and the policies of war present in this book are compatible with the lives of people in the modern day world. Thus, business entities and their owners peruse through various chapters of the book for implementing these principles for the success of business. War symbolizes competition and rivalry, which is synonymous with the antagonism that exists in the corporate world. The incessant struggle of business owners often lead to war like situations that are to be managed by applying different strategies with precision, aided by the conceptions of Sun Tzu. According to Sun Tzu, there are various ways of conquering battles even without destroying the spirit of the situation or causing any harm to the opponent; in short, destruc tion of the enemy is not the ultimate goal of fighting a battle rather the motto should be to weaken the forces of the opponent as expressed in the quoted lines. During the ancient ages, the armed forces of one nation used to attack another nation in order to establish their supremacy and control; in the modern age, such tactics are used by businesses, and companies appoint strategic advisors for envisaging and forecasting the future of a business. Nevertheless, the lines of attack that are planned by these people have been delivered by Sun Tzu long back when sophisticated approaches were not prevalent. For instance, Sun Tzu has asserted very significant facts about the ways in which the ruler can bring devastation on the armed forces of nation and surprisingly

Healthy School Lunches for all Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healthy School Lunches for all Children - Essay Example The main activities this campaign involves itself in is advising and educating the government, school administration, parents, food service workers, and the overall public on the benefits of healthy food choices for children for their short-term and long-term health benefits. Most schools serve children food that is high in cholesterol and low in fibre. However, the Healthy School Lunch Campaign encourages more schools to serve children food high in fibre, cholesterol free, and with low fat. The campaign includes presentations in schools, advertisements in the media, posters, among others. This will help reduce the rising obesity rates in America, especially child obesity. The Healthy School Lunches campaign in one of their posters, reaches out to the public by portraying a beautiful young girl thinking, â€Å"President Obama’s daughters get healthy school lunches. Why don’t I?† In this poster, the healthy school lunches organization wants to bring the public the message that healthy eating is important for children. If the daughters of the president do not eat unhealthily, then why should the citizens let unhealthy food to be served to their children? This message creates emphasis to the audience, as it portrays their children as less special, for their continued eating of unhealthy food, compared to Obama’s Sasha and Malia, to whom healthy eating is a priority. The creators of this poster have used different techniques and have skilfully developed a convincing message for the public about healthy eating for children in schools (â€Å"Healthy School Lunches Organization†). The use of an image in this poster is meant to attract people’s attention to reading the poster. In this case, the image is that of a young girl. She is a beautiful, smiling, and innocent-looking young girl, of around 10 years of age. This girl is shown thinking about how the presidents’ daughters eat healthily while she does not eat in the sa me healthy manner at school. When people see such an image, it draws them into thinking about the addressed issue of unhealthy eating. They will feel sorry for the young girl, considering it is not her mistake to be served unhealthy lunc

The Football Association Essay Example for Free

The Football Association Essay There are ranges of regional and international Governing Bodies that manage the game of football, throughout the world and many different countries. Governing Bodies keep the rules of the game in check and all conform to one set of international rules. This is why it is so important to have Governing Bodies  FIFA  FIFA is a world Governing Body that is committed by its Statutes not only to the positive promotion of football through development programmes, but also to supervising international competitions and to safeguarding the sport and its good image against abuse of its rules and regulations. And FIFA sees to it that the game is played to one unified set of rules, the Laws of the Game, all over the world. UEFA  One of UEFAs responsibilities as a confederation of world footballs governing body FIFA is to organise and stage European competitions for clubs and national teams. In total, 13 competitions are currently organised by UEFA, with nine for national representative teams and four for clubs.  AFC  The Asian Football Confederation was established in 1954 to promote and manage the development of professional football in the Asia-Pacific region. The Confederation is responsible for major Asian football events such as the Asian Cup for national teams, as well as the Asian Super Cup, the Club Championship and the Cup Winners Cup for club teams throughout the region. CAF  The African Football Confederation was founded in 1957 by Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan and South Africa, it now consists of all African National Football Associations, which are members of FIFA and recognized by it as the official bodies controlling football in their respective countries.  CONCACAF  The official site of the FC, the Confederation of North, Central, American, and Caribbean Association Football, one of six FIFA world Confederations serving as the governing body of soccer in this part of the world. It is composed of 38 members, spanning from Canada in the north to Surinam in the south. The FC organizes competitions for national teams and clubs. Setting the Standard  The Football Association, through its Charter Standard scheme, seeks to establish, reward and encourage good practice at grass roots levels so that parents and children can demand a minimum standard of provision from schools, clubs and holiday courses.  The F.A.s Football Development Team works with County Associations, leagues, clubs and schools all round the country to award Charter Standards to deserving recipients. As set out by Chairman Geoff Thompson, reflects The FAs principle vision of using the power of football to build a better future. By building relationships with the football family around the world, The FA aims to lead by example and shape the debate at UEFA and FIFA level by playing a full and proactive role within world football. It is also committed to using Englands resources, expertise and knowledge in co-operation with less-privileged regions of the world to develop their football infrastructure Football is truly a global sport, explains Geoff Thompson, And The FA is committed to playing a role, extending a helping hand and building solid links around the world.  Since its inception in October 2000, the International Relations team of Jane Bateman and Kim Fisher supported by Morag Taylor and led by The FAs Director of International Strategy David Davies, can claim an impressive range of achievements in both fields. At the heart of it is The FAs International Development Programme (IDP), through which projects have been initiated in all regions of the world, ranging from goalkeeping courses to marketing, sports medicine, refereeing and administration workshops, each targeted at the specific needs of the country or countries involved. The FA also holds annual international courses in England for fitness trainers, treatment and management of injuries, referees, football administration and coaches. The Goal Scheme  Child protection is high on The FAs agenda. The goal is to have someone at every club in the country aware of child protection and best practice, whether its a Premiership Academy or a Sunday morning park side.  Already 40,000 people have attended The FAs Child protection and best practice workshops. These are organised via County FAs on a regular basis. Now, The FA has launched a guide an introduction to child protection that can be worked through at home. The FA believes football can have a powerful positive influence on children. But that means everyone involved in football must take on the responsibility of looking after those children that want to play the game.  Goal is about doing things the right way, doing things properly. Its about allowing children to enjoy the game without abuse of any kind. That means bullying, physical, emotional or sexual abuse and neglect. Setting Standards  The Charter for Quality is The Football Associations programme to ensure and guarantee that the development of the countrys best young footballers meets the highest possible standards.  By building on the best traditions of this country and learning from techniques employed abroad, The FA has built a framework of excellence, which is being put into practice at clubs up and down the country. Doping In Football  Allegations and evidence of doping over the past few years have rocked the football world. However, is there reluctance within the game to properly fight against the spread of banned substances use?  An agreement over a new guideline that athletes found guilty of serious doping is subject to a mandatory two-year ban. However, FIFA argued there might be exceptional circumstances and Blatter is committed to define these exceptional circumstances in clearer terms. This points to a reluctance to come down too heavy on offenders.  Perhaps this is not surprising when one considers the wider cultural context within which FIFA makes its policies.

The Early Years Foundation Stage Children And Young People Essay

The Early Years Foundation Stage Children And Young People Essay Introduction The portfolio is a planning file which contains three detailed assessments of childrens learning. The assessments will be conducted on three different children; each assessment will cover all seven areas of learning. Firstly, the writer will describe the setting, and then the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) 2012, that requires schools to work in partnership with parents. This will be a part of the on-going observation and assessment process. By observation, assessment and planning the system will be effective particularly when these elements come together as a cycle. According to Macleod and Kay (2008) all planning starts with observing children in order to understand and consider their current interests, development and learning. By observing children, teachers understand their needs, what they are interested in and what they can do. Secondly, there will be an analysis of the role of observation and assessment in planning that will highlight the three childrens achievements or their need for further support. This will start with Child A, followed by Child B and lastly Child C who are aged 4-5 years. Observation, assessment and planning will flow into one another. Finally, the writer of this profile will discuss developmental assessment, what it is and how it is used in the setting for each of the children. This all will result in summarising how the planning/observation cycle has enabled progress in the learning of Children A, B and C. The Setting The primary school itself is a four storey Victorian building. The rooms are spacious and very well resourced. They have a dedicated early years centre, music and performing arts suite and a computer suite as well as computers in every classroom. There are three outdoor play areas for the children including a wildlife garden, two quiet gardens and games areas. The school is in Central London, surrounded by world class learning institutions and opportunities, which act daily as extended classrooms. It works in close partnership with parents and carers to encourage them to be involved in their childrens education. As well as valuing their parents and carers, they are always welcome in school. The primary school is a multi-cultural environment but the majority of children are Bengali. The school runs from Nursery to Year Six with the capacity for over 400 children aged between three to twelve years. There are 39 children in reception aged between 4-5 years and this is where the three children are observed. It is formed by having two groups: one called Lady Birds and the other Grasshoppers, the teachers both work in tandem with one another to plan the childrens curriculum. Both of the groups have one main teacher with a teaching assistant. The Lady Birds has 19 children, 10 boys and 9 girls. The Grasshoppers has 11 girls and 9 boys. As this is a primary school all children are expected to attend as childrens attainment and achievement is directly linked to high school attendance (Ref?).   School starts at 9 oclock. Children are expected to attain a minimum of 95% attendance. All classes compete for an attendance award each week and a cup each term. The Equality Act 2010 was introduced to ensure protection from discrimination, harassment and victimisation on the grounds of specific characteristics (referred to as protected characteristics). This means that the setting cannot discriminate against pupils or treat them less favourably because of their gender, race, disability, religion or belief. (The Act also covers discrimination relating to gender reassignment, sexual orientation or pregnancy or maternity which perhaps has less relevance for young children). Early Years Foundation Stage EYFS 2012 is a legal framework that sets the standards for all the providers for early years to certify that children learn and develop as well as maintained in a healthy and secure manor. It encourages teaching and learning and ensures that they are well equipped with a range of knowledge and skills. In addition this will help them build the basis of their learning and aid them to progress through education and life. The school wants the children to develop independence and to co-operate with others and to talk and communicate in a range of situations. The opportunities for learning are provided through a planned and balanced adult-led and child-initiated curriculum. To enable children to develop positive self-esteem and attitude, learning takes place both indoors and outdoors. It is expected that suitable clothing and footwear are worn to school so that children can benefit from the experiences provided in all weathers. All early years providers follow the EYFS (2012) ensuring that every child is encouraged to learn through play. History In September 2008 the EYFS framework becomes statutory for all early years care and education providers in Ofsted registered settings attended by children from birth to five years of age. It created a framework that replaces the three previous early years documents Curriculum Guidance for the Foundation Stage, Birth to Three Matters and National Standards for Under 8s Day-care and Child-minding. However On the 27th March 2012 a revised version of the EYFS framework was established which then followed the execution from the 1 September 2012. This covers a vital part of the Governments wider vision for families in the foundation years. It shows the emphasis of supporting children by removing professionals from bureaucracy. Together with a more flexible, free early education entitlement and new streamlined inspection arrangements, this was the birth of EYFS 2012. In addition the Early Education (2012) is also pleased to launch Development Matters in the Early Years Foundation Stage, new non-statutory guidance produced by Early Education with support from the Department for Education that supports all those working in early childhood education.    The role of observation and assessment in planning for childrens learning Children are observed to assess developmental progress. Observation takes place primarily through childrens normal daily activities, their use of language, social interactions with others and work samples that demonstrate learning. In a sense, observation can have different meanings and imply different degrees of involvement to many practitioners. But in this case, the term observation according to Wadsworth, (1983) is the act of looking at something, without influencing it and recording the scene or action for later analysis (Also see Appendix 3A). The four key ideas of observation involve regular intentional watching of children in a wide variety of circumstances that are representative of their behaviours and skills demonstrated over time. Secondly, a daily observation would be an on-going one involving classroom/home performances and typical activities of the child leading to the collection of a wealth of reliable information. The third key idea of observation relates to demonstrated performance during real activities, not actions that are contrived or unnatural. Finally, as a practitioner the writer would need a solid understating of the meaning and purpose of observation and should have practice recording childrens behaviours and skills every day. According to Bruce (2006), we observe in order to improve our teaching, construct theory, help parents, use an assessment tool, wonder why and solve a problem and communicate with children. The different types of observation include narrative where the observer makes records that keep track of everything that happens in a specified time period. The writer finds this most valuable, but also the most difficult because à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Secondly, the observer can use time samples where the method used is to count the number of behaviours occurring at uniform timed intervals. There are also event samples where the observer records a specific behaviour only when it occurs. Finally, there are teacher-designed instruments, like checklists, rating scales and shadow studies. When assessing a plan, evaluation would be key, according to ________ (year), who goes on to say that in education practitioners evaluate for curriculum, materials and equipment, the environment, childrens behaviour and teachers effectiveness. As the writer is a practitioner he can reflect that when he evaluates, it provides information by which to rate performance, define areas of difficulty, and look for possible solutions, as well as goal setting, monitoring growth and progress, and planning. ___________ (year) suggests good evaluations include selecting what will be evaluated, having a clear purpose and stating goals clearly, and so forth. But ___________(year) expresses concern about evaluations making unfair comparison, placing overemphasis on norms and interpretations, and so forth. However, although both theorists might make a justified point, the current writer agrees that evaluation is a broad concept which can be an informal process but is often times confused with more formal testing and measurements. Through evaluation, teachers link specific goals to larger, more encompassing objectives that focus on the relationship between teaching in the classroom and the overriding educational objectives. The writer also understands that observation is a natural process in which all practitioners participate all the time. They look at and listen to children. However the disadvantage and a major problem with observation, according to Wadsworth, (1983) is the fact that an observer is also a learner. Observers, like their subjects, have feelings, aspirations, fears, biases, and prejudices. Any one of these can influence and distort that which is being observed. He goes on to say that, an observer watches a group of children at play. One child turns to another and strikes him on the arm. The observer jots down hostility. The event was one child strikes another. The observer interpreted the act to be one of hostility. Wadsworth (1983) explains that when an observer thus infers motive to observed action, he/she adds something of him/herself to the data. Such data may be distorted and therefore invalid and unreliable. In the early years setting there are seven areas of learning and development which are labelled into two. The first is the three prime areas which are Communication and Language (CL); Physical Development (PD); and Personal, Social and Emotional Development (PSED) Secondly, the four Specific Areas, through which the three Prime Areas are strengthened and applied, are Literacy (L); Mathematics (M); Understanding the World (UW); and Expressive Arts and Design (EAD). Macleod and Kay (2008), mention that all areas of learning and development are important and inter-connected. The Three Prime Areas are particularly crucial for igniting childrens curiosity and enthusiasm for learning, and for building their capacity to learn, form relationships and thrive. The writers school Developmental Assessment follows the EYFS (2012) review. They consider the assessment pyramid. The pyramid demonstrates that there is a large amount of information collected about each child and attempts to define some of these data sets. This pyramid also attempts to demonstrate that there is a link between formative assessment and planning. The pyramid shows that the end result of summative assessment of the data collected is the end product and that the progress of the child remains as the main focus of the process (EYFS 2012). The Statutory framework for the EYFS mentions the responsibility for assessment and day to day practice like the planning cycle. This lies with teachers who observe, assess, plan and do these again and again. Development Matters (2012) is also used as part of observation, assessment and planning. It is used at points during the EYFS (2012) as a guide to making best-fit summative judgements, with parents and colleagues across agencies, about whether a child is showing typical development, may be at risk of delay or is ahead for their age. Appendix 1A shows the Plan in the settings of EYFS Medium Term Planning for Children A, B and C; it displays the seven stages as mentioned before. The main focus and theme is traditional tales. (See Appendix 1A underlined in pink) It also gives objectivess and early learning goals; these are under the seven areas of development and the ones that are highlighted in yellow are the ones Child A, B and C had completed; at the bottom are the Characteristics of Effective Learning like assessment, environment/resources and stories. (See Appendix 1A) Appendix 2A shows the Assessment and Evaluation of the weekly planning for Child A, B and C. and gives the childrens interest, needs and schemas. It also gives the children seven areas as well as the next steps to be taken for Child A, B and C; finally it gives the childrens experiences. (See Appendix 2A) Appendix 3A shows the weekly Environment Plan for Reception giving time to include the activities with the theme set. (See Appendix 3A) Appendix 4A is the characteristics of effective learning process over outcome. This is to give practitioners and teachers ideas and encourage the keeping in mind of these thoughts when interacting with children. (See Appendix 4A) Observation of children A, B, and C Based on the three assessments above the writer observed each child engaged in activity/exp. The framework which the school uses is the Early Years Foundation Stage curriculum (2012). The activities they provide cover the seven areas of learning for Child A, B and C. It will help them to plan how best to support young childrens learning and development and share information and ideas with parents and carers. Assessment and Evaluation Observationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Aresa Prim and Specify à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Weekly Environment Plan for Reception Observationssà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Areas working together Good assessment and planning show that all staff participate together as a team for the good of the children giving the children the best start in life with the parents at the heart of their childs planning and learning. In order to provide an appropriate curriculum, it is required that individuals working with young children learn about the individual childs needs, as well as the needs of the group (Peck et al, 1993). Assessment should be an on-going process, be made both formally and informally, and incorporate a variety of methods. Assessment should include the use of input (Peck et al, 1999) As a practitioner working with young children the writer should acknowledge the importance of consistently updating assessment information and using that information in planning and developing programmes and intervention strategies. The children who were observed are constantly growing, developing new skills, and sometimes developing new concerns and difficulties; it is recognised by the setting that the importance of collecting data on a childs progress is less important than determining how to address their needs. Conclusionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In conclusion, at the school attendee by Child A, B and C curriculum goals would seem to be realistic and attainable for most children and assessing of individual childrens development is appropriate for the curriculum. The literature relating to early learning suggests that assessment and curriculum should be integrated, with teachers continually engaging in observation for the purpose of improving teaching and learning. This seems to be the case at the school in question and the planning/observation cycle has enabled progress in Child A, B and Cs learning. Appendix One Permission slip The father to Child A gives permission concerning Abdul to take pictures, drawing and any other effects to help him to complete his task. I also give him permission to look at my childs profile or anything related that he might need to use. Parent ______________ Abdul Ali The mother to Child B gives permission concerning Abdul to take pictures, drawing and any other effects to help her to complete his task. I also give him permission to look at my childs profile or anything related that he might need to use. Parent ______________ Abdul Ali The father to Child C gives permission concerning Abdul to take pictures, drawing and any other effects to help him to complete his task. I also give him permission to look at my childs profile or anything related that he might need to use. Parent ______________ Abdul Ali - I __________ Mentor for Abdul at the school, give him the permission to take a serious of observation on Child A, B and C to complete his task. Teacher ____________ Abdul Ali Appendix 1A Early Years Foundation Stage Medium Term Planning for Reception Appendix 2A Assessment and Evaluation Appendix 3A Weekly Environment Plan for Reception

Visiting Milan, Italy- The Fashion Capital

Visiting Milan, Italy- The Fashion Capital Milan- The Fashion Capital Salve (Greeting in Italian) The fashion capital of Italy, the city of Milan oozes fashion and luxury. This city is a shopper’s paradise that is world renowned for its various flagship brand stores and boutiques. The fashion shows held during spring and autumn brings the world’s best supermodels, fashion designers and paparazzi to Milan .It is also the financial and business capital of Italy. Despite being known as a fashionista’s city, Milan has numerous historical buildings and churches that beautifully showcase its rich heritage. It is also well known for its art galleries. Milan brings out a beautiful blend of the modern lifestyle and the medieval culture and heritage attracting numerous travellers throughout the year. It is also home to A.C.Milan, the famous Italian football club. Best season to visit Milan Milan experiences moderately hot summers and cold humid winters. During winters from November to February, average temperatures can fall below freezing point and snow fall is quite common. Summers are sultry and humidity levels are high. However the skies are clear and the months from July to September is recommended as the ideal time to visit Milan. Highlights (Things to do and experience in Milan) Stroll through the fashion streets  of Milan to experience the upscale fashion world and trendiest clothing. Enjoy a fashion show  where the latest fashion styles and designs are showcased. Watch a football match  featuring the local club A.C.Milan at the famous Giuseppe Meazza stadium. Enjoy the aerial view  of Milan from Duomo roof which offers a spectacular panoramic vista of the city. Explore the electric nightlife  of Milan at any of the numerous clubs, pubs and restaurants. Relish the traditional Italian preparations like Pizza, pasta, macaroni, etc. at any of the authentic Italian restaurants or cafes. Also popular are the numerous Italian ice cream shops. Hotspots of Milan (Things to see) Zona Centro Storico- Duomo/ Milan Cathedral Situated at the heart of Milan at Dumo square, this majestic cathedral is the 3rd  largest in the world and the biggest tourist attraction in Milan. The spectacular roof, outer faà §ade, spires and statues leave most visitors awed. One can also climb up the spires to enjoy the lovely views of Milan. Museo Del Duomo showcases the construction details of the majestic Cathedral. Piazza Del Duomo Located in the center of Milan, this is the most well-known and beautiful square in the city. It houses the 18thcentury royal palace, the cathedral, galleria, statues and numerous other historical structures. Museo Del Novecento Situated in Duomo square, the museum displays 20thcentury art. La Scala theatre This 18thcentury opera house is one of the world’s most famous ones which has had many popular artists perform. Bagatti Valsecchi museum Converted from a 19thcentury mansion, this museum houses a massive art collection of Italian renaissance. Piazza Mercanti This medieval square also known as Merchant’s square is quite captivating and has numerous buildings and houses in gothic style architecture. Pinacoteca Ambrosiana This museum houses some of the fantastic works by popular Italian painters like Da Vinci, Raphael and Cravaggio, and is definitely a must visit during your Milan holidays. Ca Granda Old Hospital With captivating pathways, this is one of the most prominent buildings in Europe from the renaissance era. Piazza Castello- Castello Sforzesco It is a large castle where the rulers of Milan lived during the renaissance period. It presently houses many museums. Parco Sempione This large landscape garden is quite popular and houses a lake, a tower and an arch. Museo Della Triennale, which is located here, is a famous design museum. Galleria Vittorio Emmanuele Built in the late 19thcentury, it is considered to be the oldest shopping mall in the world. In addition to the shopping experience, its architecture and designs would leave even the non-shoppers delighted. Cimitero monumentale This massive cemetery is arguably the world’s most beautiful one with fabulous sculptures and tombs. Pinacoteca di Brera This museum showcases a wide range of art collections and Italian paintings. The iconic painting â€Å"The Kiss† by Francesco Hayez is displayed here. Santa Maria delle Grazie- Chiesa Di Santa Maria delle Grazie A UNESCO world heritage site, this basilica is one of the spectacular creations of the renaissance era. Both its exterior and its interior works are absolutely stunning. The Last Supper The very famous painting by Leonardo Da Vinci is exhibited here. Tickets are sold pretty fast and it is best advised to book itbeforehand. Basilica di Sant Ambrogio Built in the 11th  century in Lombard Romanesque style, this basilica is well known for its exquisite architecture, altar and pulpit. It was partially destroyed during World War II. Chiesa Di San Maurizio al Monastero Maggiore Another UNESCO world heritage site with numerous paintings, this church is a tribute to the renaissance era. Cinque Vie historical district This is the ancient Milan! With numerous ancient roman sites, buildings and churches this must visit place in Milan takes you back to a bygone era. Shopping in Milan Milan is a world renowned fashion trendsetter and a fashion shopper’s paradise. The city boasts of a wide range of shopping avenues like designer’s emporia, retail outlets, unique boutiques and second hand shops. Major fashion brands like Armani, Gucci, Dolce Gabbana, Prdad and many more have their premier flagship stores in Milan. There is absolutely no dearth for shopping avenues in Milan. Fashion Quadrangle This fashion paradise situated between Duomo square, Cavour square and San Babila square has numerous streets with prime brand shops, prestigious boutiques and upscale showrooms. One can find a wide range of luxurious, glamorous, trendy and fashionable clothing. The most popular streets in this hopping area are Montenapoleone Street, Vittorio Emanuele Street, Manzoni Street, Sant Andea Street and Della Spiga Street. This is a must visit destination and one of the major Milan tourist attractions for shopaholics. Buenos Aires This Street has a wide range of shopping avenues, is a shopper’s paradise and is considered the longest in Europe. Brera district Along with numerous fashion stores, it also has many art galleries, cafes and restaurants. The open air markets here offer some wonderful merchandise. Fiera Di Senigallia This flea market in Porta Ticinese area opens up on Saturdays making it a great place to stroll around and shop. Brand stores Major brands have their flagship stores, boutiques and designer stores in Milan and have a cornucopia of fashion merchandise. Other shopping avenues Piazza Del Duomo, Via Dante, Piazza Dan Babila, Galleria Victor Emanule and Corso Giacomo Matteoti are the other wonderful places to shop in Milan. How to reach Milan- Milan has two international airports, Malpensa and Linate. Malpensa with two terminals is the main airport and has shuttle services between the terminals. Malpensa express trains link the airport to central Milan. There are also frequent buses which connect the airport to the city center. Taxis are easily available from Malpensa to central Milan, but are expensive. Linate airport is closer to the city and majorly serves the domestic flights and a few from other European cities. There are numerous bus and taxi services that run between Linate airport and Milan city. Trenitalia (state railways) trains connect Milan with almost all other Italian cities and with many European cities such as Barcelona, Zurich, Munich, Paris, Vienna, etc. Milan is well connected to other Italian cities by various motorways and one can easily drive into the city. Lampugnano, the main bus terminal of Milan provides numerous buses to and from Milan. How to get around Milan Metro With three different lines (red, yellow and green), Metro is the best way to get around Milan. Trams Trams still play a big role in the transportation industry of Milan. Colored in green, yellow and orange, they are a true symbol of Milan and very convenient to commute across Milan. Buses Buses are comfortable, punctual and connect to various parts of the city. Trains Milan also has a suburban railway system connecting metro area towns with the city center. However, they are not as frequent as the metro. Taxis Taxis are expensive and can be either booked via phone calls or can be hailed on the street. Cars Driving cars around the city center during peak office hours is definitely not recommended as Milan is well known for its traffic congestions. Walks Many of the major tourist destinations are within a short walk away from each other. Also some of the tourist spots have been made pedestrian only making it all the more enjoyable. Top areas of Milan Centro Storico The major tourist attractions revolve around this area, which is filled with museums, galleries and historical structures. The very popular Milan Cathedral is also situated in Centro Storico. As a result, there are numerous cafes, restaurants and hotels catering to the wide range of tourist requirements. Stazione Centrale Stazione Centrale is the main railway station of Milan. There are numerous shopping avenues, restaurants, cafes and some of the best Milan hotels in this area. Porta Venezia Porta Venezia is one of the historical gates of the medieval Milan. There are presently numerous shops, supermarkets and one of the ideal places for budget accommodation in Milan. Centro- Brera Located in the center of the city amidst all the historical buildings and numerous shops, Centro Brera is one of the top areas of Milan. Navigli With numerous bars and cafes, Navigli is well known as a pre- dinner drink area and frequented by both tourists and residents. Citta Studi Citta Studi is a popular area which houses numerous hotels. The various branches of University of Milan and a number of prominent hotels are also located here. San siro- fiera Milano city Stadio Giuseppe Miazza, a popular football stadium is located here and is a popular tourist spot. Porta Romana Well known for its former historical gate, Porta Romana has numerous buildings, shops and hotels. Sempione This area is well known for its Sempione Park and Piazza Castello which has numerous tourist attractions. Bicocca- Zara With numerous hotels, restaurants and shops, Bicoca Zara is a preferred area for accommodation by tourists. Grazie (Thank you in Italian)

Transformation of Humphrey Van Weyden in Jack London’s The Sea Wolf Es

Transformation of Humphrey Van Weyden in Jack London’s The Sea Wolf Jack London’s The Sea Wolf is in some ways a philosophical text and a product of its time. The strain it puts on the reader between a social Darwinist and utilitarian perspective against that of a more idealistic one is great. Many times the character of Wolf Larsen is a more consistent articulator of the Darwinian position and seems to always be getting the upper hand argumentatively. However, it is due to a phenomenological outlook on the events presented within The Sea Wolf that the alternative becomes intelligible. After all, the endeavor to improve is one thing which identifies us as human. The understanding of what constitutes this improvement varies, however, and only upon further inspection and in light of increasing experience can a multitude of modes be viewed as possible ways to improve oneself. In the end it is the realization of all things as possible modes of improvement, as well as their acceptance, which leads to a true improvement of the self. And it is this reasoning which leads to the character of Humphrey Van Weyden as being more correct. One thing which identifies us as being human is the endeavor to improve. This endeavor is definitely present in both Hump and Wolf. Hump is a man of letters, as right in the beginning, he notes that â€Å"instead of having to devote my energy to the learning of a multitude of things, I concentrated it upon a few particular things, such as, for instance, the analysis of Poe’s place in American literature,† (1). We also know that Wolf has been educating himself in his own time when Hump sees the evidence in Wolf’s cabin. â€Å"Against the wall, near the head of the bunk, was a rack filled with books †¦ ... ...h and ideals, reconciled in the ways of being in the world. Humphrey Van Weyden’s character undergoes a long transformation from the humble beginning of being in a single mode of idealism that is thrown in opposition to the stark material and social Darwinism of Wolf. Though Humphrey soon begins to see an alternative to his position and even takes pride and joy in dwelling in these alternative modes at times. He takes in each experience, and on that basis begins to formulate an ancillary mode that is inclusive of a multitude of modes. In the end, Humphrey Van Weyden exists in a mode of being which is superior in that it accounts for any and all subdominant modes of emotional, physical, and metaphysical being. This is the point of a true understanding of what it means to improve one self. Works Cited London, Jack. The Sea Wolf. New York: Bantam, 1991.

Al Capone Essay -- essays research papers

Al Capone, probably the most notorious and well known gangster in history, was born in 1887 in Naples, Italy. His father, Gabriel Caponi, immigrated to Brooklyn from the slums of Naples in 1910. After he came here he changed his last name too Capone too blend in more. Al Capone’s gang activities started out when he was young. He was in the Five Points Gang, who were known for their violence. The gang’s tradition was to scar their victims with a knife cut from the outside corners of their eyes to their ears. At the time, Johnny Torrio was a major mob boss and his uncle, Jim Colosimo (AKA "Big Jim"), hired Capone as a bouncer. Al Capone was a large man, did his job well, and soon he came to recognition in Torrio’s gang. During his stint as a bouncer, Capone one time made a disrespectful comment to Frank Galluccio’s (a member of the Brooklynite gang) sister. Galluccio pulled out his pocket knife and went for Al’s face. When it was over, Capone had 3 big scars on his face. This earned him the nick name Scar Face. He hated the name, and whoever said it to his face would not live to regret it. After his recovery, he forgave Galluccio and because of this gesture he was hired as a body guard for Torrio at $100 a week. Capone eventually told the public that his scars were old war wounds received in France. Al Capone married Mae Coughlin in 1918 and together they had a son, Albert Francis, and chose Johnny Torrio as his Godfather. Torrio gave his godson $5000 a year. Shortly after, facing possible murder charges, they fled to Chicago. When Colosimo died, Capone became the right hand man of Torrio’s gang. Together, Capone and Torrio expanded the gang’s territories by taking out the their leaders. On one occasion there were Sicilians in the Sicilian Mafia and Al for a dinner in their "honor." After they had finished their lavish meal and drank as much wine as there hearts desired, he killed the unsuspecting visitors. They also tightened there political control over the city. Capone boasted "I own the police." He actually did own the police. This was most prominent during the November elections of 1929 when a lawyer by the name of Frank Lowsch persuaded Capone to have the elections be fair. He asked to have the police arrest any gangsters or hoodlums , and they did. There was not one incident of interventio... ... lavish meal and drank as much wine as there hearts desired, the smile that had been on Capone’s face disappeared and now silence fell over the table and the unsuspecting guests looked up nervously at Capone. Then Capone said "You thought that I didn’t know, huh? Well there is one offense that I never forgive that is disloyalty." Even though Capone was ruthless, he still carried out the old custom of hospitality before execution. With saying that, his bodyguards leaped on the men and started to strangle them. Al came out with a base ball bat in hand. He beat all of them to death and, to make sure they were dead, they also shot them in the back of the head. Something else that surprised me was the competition between the gangs, who could give the most flowers and give the most lavish funerals to the men they killed from the opposite side of town. Al Capone was a very ruthless killer but he still had style, a certain classy air about him. We all know of Al Capone as a gangster but in his time he actually gave to a lot of charities and organizations. Some people thought of him as hero. To the upper class people he was an outlaw but, to the poor people, he was Santa Clause.

Marine Phytoplankton Essay

Phytoplankton From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Diatoms are one of the most common types of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton are the autotrophic component of the plankton community. The name comes from the Greek words cpur?v (phyton), meaning â€Å"plant†, and TIXay? «?q (planktos), meaning â€Å"wanderer† or â€Å"drifter†. [l] Most phytoplankton are too small to be individually seen with the unaided eye. However, when present in high enough numbers, they may appear as a green discoloration of the water due to the presence f chlorophyll within their cells (although the actual color may vary with the species of phytoplankton present due to varying levels of chlorophyll or the presence of accessory pigments such as phycobiliproteins, xanthophylls, etc. ). Contents [hide] * 1 Ecology * 2 Aquaculture * 3 Blooms * 4 See also * 5 References * 6 External links [edit] Ecology Phytoplankton are the foundation of the oceanic food chain. Of these, the best known are dinoflagellate genera such as Noctiluca and Dinophysis, that obtain organic carbon by ingesting other organisms or detrital material. The term phytoplankton encompasses all photoautotrophic microorganisms in quatic food webs. Phytoplankton serve as the base of the aquatic food web, providing an essential ecological function for all aquatic life. However, unlike terrestrial communities, where most autotrophs are plants, phytoplankton are a diverse group, incorporating protistan eukaryotes and both eubacterial and archaebacterial prokaryotes. There are about 5,000 species of marine phytoplankton. [8] There is uncertainty in how such diversity has evolved in an environment where competition for only a few resources would suggest limited potential for niche differentiation. [9] In terms of numbers, the most important groups of phytoplankton include the diatoms, cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, although many other groups of algae are represented. One group, the coccolithophorids, is responsible (in part) for the release of significant amounts of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) into the atmosphere. DMS is converted to sulfate and these sulfate molecules act as cloud condensation nuclei, increasing general cloud cover. In oligotrophic oceanic regions such as the Sargasso Sea or the South Pacific Gyre, phytoplankton is dominated by the small sized cells, alled picoplankton, mostly composed of cyanobacteria (Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus) and picoeucaryotes such as Micromonas. [edit] Aquaculture Diagrams of some typical phytoplankton. Main article: Algaculture Phytoplankton are a key food item in both aquaculture and mariculture. Both utilize phytoplankton for the feeding of the animals being farmed. In mariculture, the phytoplankton is naturally occurring and is introduced into enclosures with the normal circulation of seawater. In aquaculture, phytoplankton must be obtained and introduced directly. The plankton can either be collected from a body of water or foodstock for the production of rotifers[10], which are in turn used to feed other organisms. Phytoplankton is also used to feed many varieties of aquacultured molluscs, including pearl oysters and giant clams. The production of phytoplankton under artificial conditions is itself a form of aquaculture. Phytoplankton is cultured for a variety of purposes, including foodstock for other aquacultured organisms[10], a nutritional supplement for captive invertebrates in aquaria. Culture sizes range from small-scale laboratory cultures of ess than 1 L to several tens of thousands of liters for commercial aquaculture[10]. Regardless of the size of the culture, certain conditions must be provided for efficient growth of plankton. The majority of cultured plankton is marine, and seawater of a specific gravity of 1. 010 to 1. 026 may be used as a culture medium. This water must be sterilized, usually by either high temperatures in an autoclave or by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, to prevent biological contamination of the culture. Various fertilizers are added to the culture medium to facilitate the growth of plankton. A culture must be aerated or agitated in some way to keep plankton suspended, as well as to provide dissolved carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. In addition to constant aeration, most cultures are manually mixed or stirred on a regular basis. Light must be provided for the growth of phytoplankton. The colour temperature of illumination should be approximately 6,500 K, but values from 4,000 K to upwards of 20,000 K have been used successfully. The duration of light exposure should be approximately 16 hours daily; this is the most efficient artificial day length[10]

12 Step Meeting. Summary

Meeting How did the meeting start? It all started with an opening speech from the guest speaker who was once an alcoholic and has been sober for over rays. Was one of the 12 Steps discussed, or many? Yes, all 12 steps were discussed In brief during the meeting since It was the first 12 steps meeting for this new group. Was there a personal testimonial? Yes, the floor was opened to all members who are willing to share their personal testimonies. Eleven people shared their personal testimonies during the meeting.What did you like about the meeting? The sense of belonging that was given to each member without condemnation was very inspiring to me. Members were able to share their personal alcohol issues without been ashamed or laughed at by other members. What did you dislike? It requires genuine honesty for success. For which individuals does a 12 step approach work best? This works best for individuals who are ready to be committed to the program and also ready to welcome the support group into his life by been open minded.Which individuals does a 12 step not work well? Anyone who doesn't open up to members for support. Please include a one to two page typed summary of the meeting which incorporates an overview of the meeting along with your thoughts, feelings, and overall experience. The meeting started with an opening speech by the guest speaker who also was an alcoholic and has been sober for arrears. The guest speaker started by sharing his personal issues with alcohol, how he overcame it and the consequences he suffered while he was an alcoholic.The guest speaker was able to relate with each member based on the common ground they all share that is, alcoholic. He then opens the floor to members to share their personal testimonial with the group. Eleven members stood up to share, and they all began their statement the same way; â€Å"My name is†¦ And I'm and alcoholic†. The 12 steps were introduced to the new members and how to use each step was d iscussed. The speaker spoke about the challenges and temptations he faced in other to remain sober and how he overcame each imitation each day till date.Also, also reinforced on the importance for staying focus and truthful to the program. Each member took the pledge to remain truthful to the program and to stick to its requirements. The meeting was an eye opening experience for me because each member was able to relate with one another regardless of their race, culture or socioeconomic class. They all developed an open relationship with one another. I came to conclusion that, having a sense of belonging is the best support group

How Katherine Mansfield’s Writing Changed Through

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.

Kohls 2013 Annual Report Essay

The decision to buy, sell or hold Kohl’s stock is a difficult one. Their 2012 financial statements reflect a descending trend in cash, which may be a positive indication of the company reinvesting funds back into the company and distributing dividends to shareholders. However, their financial statements also reflect an increase in total liabilities, which may be a negative indication of more leverage being used to finance the company. The more leverage the company has the greater the financial risk. In the final analysis, investors should buy Kohl’s stock. Kohl’s stock is affordably priced and the company has extraordinary growth potential. Outlined below are the factors that were taken into consideration before deciding if this was a financially healthy company to invest in. DuPont return on investment (ROI) can simply be defined as: â€Å"A primary measure of a firm’s profitability. † (Berman, 2006) DuPont ROI is an â€Å"expansion of the basic ROI calculation that factors in profitability from sales and the utilization of assets to generate revenue. † (Marshall,2011) Calculations of Kohl’s ROI revealed that the firm gained an 8% profit for every one dollar invested and slightly reduced to 7% in 2012. This illustration of ROI is demonstrated in exhibit 1. 1. The gradual decrease in the DuPont ROI is primarily driven by the shifts in net income and average total assets. Net income for Kohl’s slightly dwindled from 2011-2012. This calculation of net income is illustrated in exhibit 4. 1. As the cost of goods sold and expenses increased net income reduced. The contributing factors directly related to these factors will be further explained. After the United States emerged from a recession, sales increased 2% from 2010-2011 to $18 billion dollars. The incline was attributed to the growth of Kohl’s online E-Commerce shopping site. The site experienced $ 1 billion in revenue, a $269 million increase from 2010. The Huffington Post reported shoppers spent an estimated â€Å"$1 billion dollars in the week following Thanksgiving†, breaking previous online shopping sales. (Barr, 2012)Kohl’s E-commerce shopping sales increased because of the optional size availability and merchandise selection not offered in the retail store. The sales of their â€Å"private and exclusive brands† consisted of 50% of net sales. These items have higher margins; therefore the company makes a greater profit on them. Increased spending on marketing and advertisement contributed to the increase in sales. Moreover, in 2012 revenue numbers reflected continued growth that was cultivated by strong E-commerce sales. Despite strong E-commerce sales retail stores produced less than stellar results. The sluggish retail store sales were brought forth by the slow holiday shopping season in 2012. Shoppers were cautious on spending during the holiday season, as the government’s â€Å"fiscal cliff† raised concern. (Barr, 2012). Retail locations in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic region suffered a loss due to hurricane Sandy that caused destruction to the area. Finally, throughout the United States warmer climates caused the retailer to experience a decline in the sales of seasonal apparel, due to increased temperatures. In addition, as mentioned above the COGS also affected the firm’s net income. The COGS began to steadily trend up from 2010-2012. This calculation of COGS is illustrated in exhibit 4. 1. During the first six months of 2012, the company experienced a hike in apparel cost from manufactures. The hike in apparel cost was contributed to higher cotton prices. In June 2012, the price of cotton increased as â€Å"demand outpaced supplies† (Laya, 2012) these costs were passed along to shoppers resulting in mark-ups on merchandise. In addition, distribution expenses also increased from $187 million in 2010 to $245 million in 2012. The additional expense is a direct result of higher gas prices and the expansion of their E-commerce site. According to the U. S Energy Information administration, â€Å"the average price per gallon of gas in the United States in 2010 was $2. 70†. â€Å"The average price per gallon of gas in the United States in 2012 was $3. 54. † (U. S. Energy Informantion Administration, 2012)Oil prices continued to increase as the demand for crude oil intensifies. Moreover, the slight increase in Kohl’s average total assets has impacted their Du Pont ROI. Attributing to the decrease is the increased inventory and significant shrinkage in cash. Inventory turnover â€Å"measures how many times inventory turns over in a year. † (Berman, 2006) On average Kohl’s turned inventory 3. 81 times in 2010, as compared to 3. 53 times in 2012. This calculation of inventory turnover is illustrated in exhibit1. On average, the higher the ratio the better the company is at managing inventory it also gives them a better cash position. However, the company anticipated higher sales, but due to external factors mentioned above the company was unable to quickly convert inventory into sales as expected. To move inventory Kohl’s offered discount pricing on merchandise in the last six months of 2012. In anticipation of the 2012 holiday season, Kohl’s spent $523 million on inventory. This investment contributed to the reduction of cash, which adversely impacted average total assets. However, additional factors that aided in the depletion of cash will be explained below. The company has been successful in the past at managing inventory; however it is important to understand because it is a significant driver in the ROI ratio. Kohl’s ROI is important because it is a positive indication that the company is profiting from investments. Additionally, an analysis of the cash flow statement revealed Kohl’s has maintained a positive cash flow over the past three years, despite significant changes in operating, investing and financing expenses. Cash flows in operating activities considerably reduced from $2,139 million in 2011 to $1,265 in 2012. Impacting operating cash flow was the increased spending on inventory to meet anticipated seasonal demand, which has been explained above. Also affecting operating activities was the additional spending towards depreciation and amortization. The inclination of depreciation and amortization can be accredited to computer software and hardware for new stores, remodels and the E-commerce center in Texas. The decline in income from operations due to the factors mentioned is a positive indication to investors that the company is reinvesting profits to promote future growth. Furthermore, investing activities have weakened although Kohl’s has continued to invest in the acquisition of property and equipment. The common size financial statement in the appendix illustrates that property and equipment consisted of 63. 80% of Kohl’s total asset. In 2011, Kohl’s invested $927million dollars into the acquisition of property and equipment and only invested $785 million in 2012. In 2012, Kohl’s had fewer remodels and store opening, however the company continued to expand. Acquiring property and equipment is important to investors because it implies future growth. As Kohl’s continues to expand, so will their potential for growth in production and revenue. This will ultimately increase the value of the company and the profitability potential for the investor. Finally, financing activities has affected cash flows due to the increase in treasury stock, debt repayment and payment of dividends. Kohl’s repurchased 46 billion shares of common stock for $2. 3 billion in 2011 and 26 million shares for $1.2 billion in 2012. The repurchase of stock depleted the amount of cash and increased treasury stock, which in turn impacted financing activities. Treasury stock repurchase is important to investors because it increases earning per share (EPS). EPS has increased throughout 2012, which means more money for investors. Also the issuance of dividends a ffected financing activity. In 2012, Kohl’s paid cash dividends of $300 million dollars during. This is important to investors because it is an additional source of income, in addition to the increased stock value or capital appreciation. Furthermore, investing activities were also affected by the repayment of $400 million dollars of long term debt in 2011, which shows the company’s efforts to pay down debt and reduce interest payments on long term debt. Following the economic recession in 2011 banks were eager to extend credit with reduced interest rates to help encourage consumer spending. After the repayment of $400 million in long-term debt, Kohl’s was granted $650 million of debt with a lower interest rate. The statement of changes of shareholder’s equity displayed in exhibit 5.1 illustrates the increased dependency on debt to finance the company. In 2012, 57% of Kohl’s assets were financed throughcredit and 43% of the assets were financed by investors. As compared to 2011, 54% of the company’s assets were financed through credit and only 46% was financed by investors. The increase in liabilities directly resulting from the increase in long-term debt, increase in treasury stock which impacted shareholders equity and the decline in total assets all contributed to the percentage changes in 2012. Based on the statement of shareholders equity it is indicated that the company is relying more on credit to finance the company. In addition, the debt to equity ratio (measures how much debt the company has for every dollar of shareholder’s equity) for Kohl’s in 2010 was 0. 89 and significantly increased to 1. 30 in 2012, which shows that the company has more debt than equity. According to the Financial Intelligence text, â€Å"debt to equity ratios considerably larger than one has more debt than equity. † (Berman, 2006) This high debt to equity ratio in 2012 could present the company with difficulties acquiring more debt to raise cash. However, the increased amount of leverage taken on by Kohl’s comes as no surprise as â€Å"more companies are being forced into high financial leverage positions to survive competitive pressure. † (Marshall, 2011) Despite the amount of leverage, based on the current ratio Kohl’s will have the ability to meet its obligations with vendors and creditors. According to Marshall, McManus and Viele, â€Å"Well managed corporations have made the efforts to streamline operations by reducing current ratio to 1. 0-1. 5 or even lower. † (Marshall, 2011) Target’s declining ratio shows that Kohl’s is meeting industry standards in terms of the current ratio. The current ratio according to the Authors of Financial Intelligence, the current ratio â€Å"measures the company’s current assets against their current liabilities† to see how quickly they will be able to pay off their short-term debt. (Berman, 2006)In 2010, Kohl’s had a current ratio of 2. 03 and in 2012 a current ratio of 1. 86. The slight decrease in the current ratio is due to a smaller cash balance, which has been explained above. Kohl’s is not the only retailer experiencing a declining current ratio. Competitor Target had a current ratio of 1. 70 in 2010 and 1. 16 in 2012. Target’s current ratio increased because of the significant amount of cash on hand . Illustrated in exhibit 6. 1 In the midst of the recession retailers were clinging to cash to avoid bankruptcy or financial loss as most business were experiencing during this time. Based on the scale of Kohl’s operations the current ratio in comparison to Target demonstrates the retails growing dependency on leverage to remain competitive in the market. In 2010, Target invested $1,729 million dollars in expenditures for property and equipment. In 2011, the company increased spending to $2,129 million. The increase in 2011 is due to acquisition of 189 â€Å"Zeller sites† totaling $1,861 million. (10-k, 2012) Target also sold 54 Canadian sites for $225 million and invested $74 in start-up for Target stores in Canada. These investments impacted cash. The firm reported a cash balance of $1712 in 2010, which declined to $794 million in 2011 and remained flat in 2012 after the investments. In comparison to Kohl’s, the company operates on a much larger scale. Target has expanded their operations to groceries, electronics and other household items not available for sale at Kohl’s. Target also includes â€Å"highly liquid short-term investments† in their cash balance. (10-k, 2012), on the other hand Kohl’s does not include these items in the cash balance. The depletion of cash is primarily due to investments, which in turn decreased the total current assets for Target. However Target has account receivables, which is something that Kohl’s does not have. Target accounts receivable has contributed to the Target’s current assets. In addition, Target paid $869 million in dividends in 2012 and $750 million in 2011. The repayment of dividends reduced the firm’s cash and current assets. Target has a significant amount of current liabilities, due to an incline in accounts payable. Accounts payable increased from $6,857 million in 2011 to $7056 million in 2012. The significant increase can be attributed to â€Å"book overdrafts. † Based on Target and Kohl’s ratio it is clear that more firms are depending on leverage to finance operations and promote future sales growth. Moreover, after a careful assessment the estimated growth rate for Kohl’s department 2012 is 2. 5%. This projection was determined by subtracting 2011 revenue from 2012’s revenue then dividing the sum by 2012’s revenue. Sales are expected to grow based on historical sales trends. In addition, retail sales are up 10% in the United States. The growth in sales can be contributed to the creation of jobs and reduction in unemployment in the United States. According Bloomberg, retailers are expected to see a â€Å"3. 9% increase in sales over the holiday season, with majority of the sales being generated online. † (Rupp, 2013) With continued investments in the expansion of the E-commerce online shopping site Kohl’s will experience a significant growth in sales. Cost of goods sold for 2013 is estimated to account for 63.8% of sales. The estimate is relatively consistent with the previous years. As the cost of fuel continues to increase in the United States, the cost to transport goods will also increase for Kohl’s, as explained above. Operating expense is estimated to remain consistent with the previous years, declining slightly. The company plans to continue increasing marketing effor ts to increase sales. The increased sales would offset the increase in distribution cost that’s trending up as gas prices climb and store payroll as the company continues to grow. Income tax rates will remain fairly consistent with previous years Furthermore, after carefully reviewing Kohl’s financial statements, management discussion, financial statements and balance sheet it was revealed that non-reoccurring or extraordinary items did not apply to the firm. The decision to encourage the purchase of Kohl’s stock was discovered during the research of the company’s 10-k. After carefully reviewing financial statements and balance sheet I accurately calculated the firm’s ratios to help determine the financial health of the company. Using the information from the company’s income statement and balance sheet I manually calculated and composed a common size financial statement to better analyze and pinpoint value changes over the past three years. After identifying the driving factors that contributed to the fluctuation in values using the materials reviewed, I was able to make a sound decision on the investment in the company. In conclusion, the purchase of Kohl’s stock will be a valuable asset as time progresses. Kohl’s has managed to increase revenue each year through strategic planning and robust marketing efforts. The increase has awarded them with a return allowing them to reinvest in the growth of the company. The growth potential has been exhibited through the acquisition of property and equipment and the expansion of the E-commerce shopping site. Despite an unexpected upset in the sales forecast, which depleted cash and increased inventory the firm maintained a positive cash flow. This is a great stock to purchase low with the potential to sell high or hold to reap the benefits of increased EPS and additional income from dividends. Kohl’s has the proven capabilities to continue to invest in the future of the company and in its shareholders