Hamlet And Oedipus The King - 1544 Words

There are two excellent tragedies in world literature, Hamlet and Oedipus the King. Oedipus the King was written by Sophocles and Hamlet was one of the famous dramas of Shakespeare. There were some similarities and several differences between the two tragedies. Although the plays were both set in different time periods, they had similar themes about fate and free will. Their plots were also analogous. However, the two main character had a major vital difference that Hamlet is a tragedy of inaction and Oedipus is a tragedy of action. Hamlet and Oedipus the King had analogous plots that could be described as Allegory of the Cave. There is a gathering of people who have lived chained to the wall of a cave all of their lives, facing a blank wall. The people watch shadows projected on the wall from things passing in front of a fire behind them. The shadows are as close as the prisoners get to viewing reality. Then one of the prisoner is freed from the cave and comes to understand that the shadows on the wall do not make up reality at all, for he can perceive the true form of reality rather than the mere shadows seen by the prisoners (Stephen). At first, both of Hamlet and Oedipus had known nothing about the truth, which was like living chained to the wall of a cave. They all were the men of high birth that Hamlet was the prince of Denmark while Oedipus was the son of Laius king of Thebes. However, the two people suffered unfortunate incident. Classic tragic formula not onlyShow MoreRelatedHamlet And Oedipus The King1668 Words   |  7 Pagesgood, but end up causing their own death. Sophocles’ â€Å"Oedipus the King† tells the life of a king named Oedipus who is trying to solve the murder case of the former king. A similar plotline is seen in Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet†, where Hamlet tries to uncover who killed his father, who was also the king before his untimely death. Both characters set out to do something good, but create many probl ems and ultimately find themselves corrupted. Oedipus’ initial introduction presents the character as a well-roundedRead MoreComparing Hamlet And Oedipus The King1263 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Hamlet, and Sophocles, Oedipus the King, both of the main characters conform to the same classic tragic hero formula. Oedipus suffers a life based on a pre†birth prophecy, whereas Hamlet finds himself burdened with the task of avenging his father’s death. In both situations, two kings must leave their innocence behind as the truth leads them first, to enlightenment and then to their downfall. They battle between the light, the truth and the darkness, the lie. Both Hamlet and Oedipus are similarRead MoreComparison Between Hamlet And Oedipus The King1312 Words   |  6 PagesHead-On, Shakespeare’s Hamlet, and Sophocles’ Oedipus the King are all subject to confinement in both similar and dissimilar ways alike. All of these characters fall under the hand of family and cultural values, often having to suffer from the actions of family members and the expectations forced upon them by their people. Yet, these characters all endure other forms of confinement specific to their own situations; Sibel and Cahit are entrapped by love and marriage, Oedipus is restrained by his destinyRead MoreComparing Hamlet and Oedipus the King Essay example652 Words   |  3 Pages Images of disease dominate Shakespeares Hamlet as well as Sophocles play, Oedipus the King, Both Hamlet and Oedipus face many problems with death. Hamlet is seeking out the killer of his father as well as Oedipus. They feel that justice hasnt been served properly and they must seek out the killer of their fathers in order for justice to be served. In both Hamlet and Oedipus the King, there is mass turmoil amongst family relationships, the inner problems they face, and the lack of free willRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Oedipus The King And Hamlet887 Words   |  4 Pages What is the different between Oedipus the King and Hamlet. Oedipus the King was written by Sophocles in 430-425 BCE. Oedipus the King is about King Oedipus finding out his true origins and him fulfilling a prophecy. In order to save his Kingdom Oedipus has to find out who murdered the king before him. Looking for the murderer Oedipus begins to learn about his origins and true self. Hamlet on the other hand is about a Hamlet, the prince of Denmark, trying to avenge his fathers death. There are manyRead More William Shakespeares Hamlet and Sophocles Oedipus the King1362 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet and Sophocles Oedipus the King   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though Shakespeares’ Hamlet and Sophocles’ Oedipus the King were written in two different eras, echoes of the latter can be found in the former. The common theme of Hamlet and Oedipus the King is regicide. Also, like in Oedipus the King, there is a direct relationship between the state of the state and the state of their kings. Furthermore, there is also a relationship between Oedipus’ armed entrance into the bedroom in whichRead More The Protagonist as Victim in Oedipus the King and Hamlet Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesVictim in Oedipus the King and Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Sophocles Oedipus the King and William Shakespeares Hamlet, the unruly forces surrounding the protagonists are the source for their downfall. Fate, women, and divine intervention are the foundation for the protagonists demise. The protagonists are powerless against these elements, and for that reason, are not responsible for their finish. The uncontrollable force of fate is one component that assists in destroying Oedipus. Oedipus cannotRead MoreScripting Stage Space in Oedipus the King and Hamlet2416 Words   |  10 PagesLiterary people have long been studying and teaching plays as if they were meant to be read rather than performed. A central part of a plays meaning is the way it was originally designed to work on stage. William Shakespeares Hamlet and Sophocles Oedipus the King have long been included on academic lists for scholarly study as literary texts. As someone who has studied both texts in just the manner Hornby mentions, I would suggest that what is lost when a scholar treats a play text as literatureRead More Comparing the Tragedies of Hamlet, Oedipus the King, and Death of a Salesman1023 Words   |  5 PagesComparing the Tragedies of Hamlet, Oedipus the King, and Death of a Salesman The tragedies Hamlet, Oedipus the King, and Death of a Salesman have strikingly different plots and characters; however, each play shares common elements in its resolution. The events in the plays’ closings derive from a tragic flaw possessed by the protagonist in each play. The downfall of each protagonist is caused by his inability to effectively cope with his tragic flaw. The various similarities in the closingRead MoreDifferences Between Oedipus And Hamlet982 Words   |  4 PagesConsidering King Oedipus’s self-inflicted blindness and Hamlet’s overwhelming thirst for his own stepfather’s blood, it seems that both men have lost their minds. However, these men are not truly mentally unhinged, but rather incredibly devoted to their religious ideals. Hamlet, a Catholic, believes that his actions will determine his afterlife; the way he acts, though crazy, is an attempt to please God and avoid eternal damnation. King Oedipus, a follower of Apollo and t he Greek gods, acts irresponsibly

human resources - 2817 Words

BSBHRM512A - Assessment One What you have to do You will need to conduct research into Performance Management Systems (PMS) and how these support the organisation. You should research widely and include a bibliography with your assessment to support your recommendations. If you provide direct quotes you should reference these both in text and with a reference list. There are 2 parts to Assessment 1. Part 1 should be approximately 2000 words. Part 1 Star Industries is a company on the move. They are experiencing growth in their industry and have plans to open operations interstate in South East Asia. You can read more about STAR on the STAR intranet link. The General Manager would like to ensure all STAR policies and†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Performance reviews are formally scheduled every 12 months, coinciding generally with the anniversary of the employee’s hire date or last promotion date †¢ Performance reviews must be conducted prior to a transfer, relocation, promotion, re-assignment or salary adjustment and must accompany all salary changes. †¢ Performance standards should be documented, and employee performance rated on a scale that clearly shows whether performance is acceptable. STAR INDUSTRIES IS A FICTITIOUS COMPANY CREATED FOR EDUCATION TRAINING PURPOSES September 2011 page 1 of 5 Appendix 1_BSBHRM512A Assessment 1 †¢ Performance feedback must be clear, supportive, and focus on employeeShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource And Human Resources2538 Words   |  11 Pages Human resources departments, has fueled the need for exceptional talent, Human resources is a departments, in some companies it has become a global workforce. Human resource offered Challenges, however, on the positive side, people can be hired for all kind of opportunities† human resources can consist of a group of people or one person. Human resources is over hiring, firing, training, and managing, also supplying a good benefit package, many companies has a human resource department whichRead MoreHuman Resources : Human Resource Professionals1709 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource professionals use several different methods to make sure that they have the best employees they can possibly have, as well as attain new ones. Human resources is a job all about the people that one works with. It is a job that keeps people safe, makes sure one’s rights are protected, helps generate a profit through the type of employees one hires, and a job that strives to give employees every opportunity to succeed. The hospitality industry is one which people are the main ingredientRead MoreHuman Resources And The Human Resource Department2150 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Human Resources are concerned with the management of people within an organization, not only to minimize internal issues but to also ensure a highly functional workforce. The department is responsible for recruiting suitable candidates, identifying and meeting the training needs of existing staff, ensuring employees welfare and safety, and raising awareness of current workplace legislation (BBC, 2014). In addition to the above responsibilities, the Human Resources Department alsoRead MoreHuman Resources And Human Resource Management10880 Words   |  44 PagesHuman Resources Defined As a Salon Owner you may have heard the term Human Resources as these departments started showing up in small to large companies in the late 1960’s. The purpose of these departments was to have specialists that advised their Corporate Management staff on everything from hiring to performance management. Normally the department would be headed up by a person who was qualified, experienced and had formal education in Human Resource Management from an accredited college or universityRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Human Resources1243 Words   |  5 Pages Human resource management Introduction As storey (2001) explains that human resource management concept is typical approach to business which quest to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic disposition of dedicated and committed human work force using array of values, culture, personnel and structural techniques. In simple word Human resource denotes to employees that help to run and drives an organisation which is also the main workforce of any organisationRead MoreHuman Resources And The Human Resource Department1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe Human Resource department is considered to be the most important department for the development and progress of the work processes of the concerned organization. The HR department plays the most crucial role in managing the desired activities of the employees of an organization as well as it recruits the skilled employees to the firm. This research paper will help in explaining the process by which the Human Resource adds desired values to an organization. For any of t he particular firm, theRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Human Resources938 Words   |  4 PagesHuman resource management is becoming higher in demand everyday. Employment for human resource manager is projected to grow 9 percent from 2014 to 2024 (Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2016). On average this occupation is growing faster than most occupations. Over the 5 years to November 2019 jobs that will open for Human resource management is expected to be above average employing between 25,001 and 50,000 more (Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2016; Human Resource Manager, 2015). Whenever newRead MoreHuman Resource Department : The Human Resources Department816 Words   |  4 Pagestalented employees. The human resources department has had an important role and underappreciated role in employee hiring and retention. Through the use of strategic human resource planning, human resources departments are able to benefit a company both directly and indirectly. A direct benefit of the human resources department is the support the department provides to line managers. Human resource department staff are available to provide support to line managers, but human resource staff should notRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Human Resources925 Words   |  4 Pagesyou were to ask any human resources professional what their responsible functions were you would receive many different responses based on their department. â€Å"No two human resources departments have precisely the same roles because of differences in organization sizes and characteristics of the workf orce, the industry, and management values.† (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhard, Wright, 2016). Even though the roles in the departments are different, the functions that human resources are supportive of remainRead MoreHuman Resources And Human Resource Management1286 Words   |  6 PagesAs I have written this essay I have come to the conclusion that the organisational structure is defined by its human resources processes. Human Resources (HR) or Human Resource Management (HRM) depending on your view point, has ultimately defined employees as a commodity. Where once there was security and familiarity within our employment; â€Å"security, permanent flux and change without beginning or end have become the established norm and this has had a consequential impact on the attitudes of employees

Project Database Planning Process On The Needs Of A...

1.1 Database Planning This project bases the database planning process on the needs of a beverage company. The company is known to manufacture, market, and distribute soft drink products internationally. Analysts prepare budget forecasts and compare performance to budget forecasts on a monthly basis. The measures that analysts track are profit, loss and inventory from the financial database. The company uses huge spreadsheet packages to prepare budget data and perform variance reporting. Because they plan and track a variety of products over several markets, deriving and analyzing data is tedious because it is done manually. Last month, they spent most of their time entering and rekeying data and preparing reports. They have determined†¦show more content†¦The month end processes like Actuals Open, Actuals Close, Forecast Open Part 1, Forecast Open Part 2 and Forecast Close help in analysis of data efficiently. This is implemented through Oracle Hyperion Essbase which provides the ability to deli ver critical business information to the right people when they need it. With Essbase, the beverage company can quickly leverage and integrate data from multiple existing data sources and distribute filtered information to end-user communities in the format that best meets the users’ needs. Analysts can interact and intuitively explore data in real time and along familiar business dimensions, enabling them to perform speed-ofthought analytics. 1.2 Scope and Objectives The Hyperion EPM implementation and an agile project management approach using the Oracle Unified Methodology (OUM) will help meet the following objectives: †¢ Better communication between implementation team, project management, and stakeholders. This implementation is managed using Agile methodology. †¢ Provide server sizing recommendations and specifications. †¢ Implement clustering for production failover. †¢ Provide recommendations for application archiving strategy. †¢ Design application to support PL, Balance Sheet,

The World Is Flat, By Thomas Friedman - 1425 Words

In our world of a frequently mutable economy, there is no such thing as a sure thing. The rollercoaster effect of falling and rising expenses and needs for jobs are continuously changing as our times become more and more digital. Americans are finding that the life they cherish so dearly may be gone in a matter of seconds. Most however, lack the concept of why everything seems to be slipping away. People have become too comfortable riding of the coat tails of innovators that paved the way before them and they are finding themselves lost in the shuffle. The rest of the world is catching up and in the words of Thomas Friedman, in The World is Flat, [we] simply are not educating, or even interesting, enough of our own young people in advanced math, science, and engineering (349). Therefore, we must combat this issue at hand. America has grown idle due to the achievements of previous ideas and although we have been amusing ourselves, bathing in our own narcissism, we are no longer at the top, no longer a positive anomaly. We aren’t producing skilled and knowledgeable workers to keep our superiority, which is a direct result of an extremely problematic education system. Thus, in order to repair the damages done and the severe amount of problems in the American education system, a better functioning national system of higher education must be established. I suggest that vocational/technological schools should be combined to join in with the free community college proposal. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe World Is Flat By Thomas Friedman856 Words   |  4 PagesSpeaker Thomas Friedman is speaking at MIT, which is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. â€Å"He is an American journalist specializing in foreign affairs, global trade, the Middle East, globalization, and environmental issues. â€Å" (Daniel H. Pink) He is talking about the basis on what the book is about and how he understood this new phenomenon. The book is titled â€Å"The Worl d Is Flat†. This title is referring to â€Å"the global economic playing field being leveled.† This is a tremendousRead MoreThe World Is Flat By Thomas Friedman854 Words   |  4 PagesSpeaker Thomas Friedman speaks at MIT, which is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. â€Å"He is an American journalist specializing in foreign affairs, global trade, the Middle East, globalization, and environmental issues. â€Å" (Daniel H. Pink) He is talking about the basis of what the book is about and how he understood this new phenomenon. The book is titled â€Å"The World Is Flat†. This title refers to â€Å"the global economic playing field being leveled.† This is a tremendous achievementRead MoreThe World Is Flat by Thomas Friedman931 Words   |  4 PagesThe book, The World is Flat, by Thomas Friedman draws attention to some very good points concerning globalization and the world economy today. Friedman emphasizes the status of Ame rica today in relation to the other countries of the world. As I looked at the things in which he warned about or highlighted, I realized the importance of this issue. He talks about a few aspects in which need to be kept competitive in order for America to retain their current standing in the world market. First ofRead MoreThe World Is Flat By Thomas Friedman1220 Words   |  5 PagesThis special reports dives into the changing business world of India. It starts off by describing a big day for India, one where county leaders discussed the fact that business people in their country feel disheartened and the dynastic culture of the entrepreneurs in India. â€Å"The world is Flat† by Thomas Friedman is mentioned as he describes India as a â€Å"silicon Valet with worse roads and spicier food†. And an idea of a new form of capitalism in India is discussed; stating that Indian capitalism isRead MoreThe World Is Flat By The Thomas Friedman1212 Words   |  5 Pageshave become a survival need for enterprise especially small enterprises. This aspect of change is ratified by the Thomas Friedman, a Pulitzer prize-winning author.in his book â€Å"The World is flat. He argued that it not necessary alone for the company; however, every must strive for innovative change in this cru el world of competition. According to Brett Clay, today’s world is Darwinian world. He beautifully incorporate the change phenomena into market strategy and principles and said that even todayRead MoreThe World Is Flat By Thomas L. Friedman Essay1938 Words   |  8 PagesThe World is Flat Author Thomas L. Friedman analyses the technological advances that are creating a level economic playing field with previously disadvantaged countries rising in knowledge and wealth rivaling that of the United States and other world powers in the world. Telephone and computer technology, previously a stronghold only of developed countries, is now easily accessible and has been accessed and mastered by countries such as China and India, making these nations competitive. Friedman perceivesRead MoreThe World Is Flat, By Thomas L. Friedman1454 Words   |  6 PagesThe World Is Flat is a visionary and insightful text written by Thomas L. Friedman. In short, the text brings about the study of globalization at its forefront. Moreover, Friedman analyzes the evolution of business and importance of information with respect not only to the 21st century, but with regards to the history of trade as we know it. It is from this study and understanding that Friedman engages in a detailed thought pr ocess as to how an institution, government, or individual can remain competitiveRead MoreThe World Is Flat !, By Thomas L. Friedman1524 Words   |  7 Pagesvisible symbol of the increasing integration of world market, could been discovered around everywhere. As Thomas L. Friedman (2005) states, ‘World is flat!’, which means world is being shrunk by the spreading of globalisation. Globalisation, a result of social development, can be described as the increase in cross-broader trade and influence on the economic and social behaviour of nation states (David Begg, 2003:272). This process has affected the world widely and deeply, principally in economics, industrialRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Friedman And Wendell Berrys The World Is Flat1224 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Friedman and Wendell Berry expressed an opposing and favorable side towards the advancement of technology. In Thomas Friedmans The World is Flat, he discusses the favorable aspects of technology, and how the advancement of technology is making our world â€Å"flatter.† Friedman is not opposed to this change and is in fact impressed with the new era we have entered into, as well as the positive aspects of technology. On the other hand, Wendell Berry’s Why I am Not Going to Buy a Computer showsRead MoreThe Post American World, by Fareed Zakaria and The World is Flat, by Thomas Friedm an817 Words   |  4 Pagescomprehend that the world around us is changing technologically, politically, and economically. In â€Å"The Last Superpower† an excerpt from the book The Post American World by Fareed Zakaria published in 2008. Zakaria emphasizes on these changes. Thomas Friedman the author of â€Å"The World is Flat† a piece from the book The World is Flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century published in 2005 also emphasizes on the same changes currently happening in the world. Zakaria and Friedman define these changes

The Novel The Body English Literature Essay free essay sample

The four immature male childs in this film each have their ain household issues that they struggle with. Gordie feels inadequate in his parent s eyes after the decease of his older brother. He does nt experience like he can populate up to his brother s outlooks. Teddy tries to disregard his childhood hurting, that his male parent is nt a nice adult male. Teddy tries to gull himself and others that his male parent is a great man.A Vern is the fat, gawky character that is ever being teased and harassed by his older brother and his brother s friends. Chris is smart, but he gets abused by his male parent. He besides has a brother who has a bad repute. Chris does nt experience like he will be successful in the hereafter. The book describes what happens to the four male childs over the following twelvemonth. We will write a custom essay sample on The Novel The Body English Literature Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Teddy and Vern sort of spell out on their ain. They make friends with younger male childs whom they boss about. Chris and Gordon both start taking college homework categories. Chris relies a batch on Gordie to do it through college. Unfortunately, other than Gordon, the immature work forces face prematurely deceases. Vern was killed in a house fire. Teddy was killed in a auto clang while he was under the influence of intoxicant and drugs. Chris may hold been one of the saddest narratives. He was on the route to success, be aftering on go toing jurisprudence school. Chris tried to interrupt up a battle at a eating house and was stabbed while making so. Gordon wrote narratives while in college. Several of his narratives got published in little literary diaries and work forces s magazines. His first narrative and film were successful. Gordon continues to compose other supernatural novels. He gets married and has three kids. The film, Stand by Me, is about true friendly relationship and go forthing no adult male behind. Four friends, each holding their ain issues and insecurities, make up ones mind to travel on a trek to happen the organic structure of a local male child believed to be dead. During this trip they each discover what it means to hold bravery, strength, and a few good friends to endorse you up. In the bivouacing scene in which Chris breaks down and negotiations to Gordie about his fright of neer acquiring out from underneath his household s bad repute is one of the first emotional scenes that bring these two male childs closer together. Gordie besides confesses to Chris about how he feels he ll neer be every bit good as his asleep brother. There is no judgement made, no tease for the cryings they shed, merely true, understanding friendly relationship. When they find the dead organic structure they discuss what they should make. They discuss how it would be published in the documents about them happening the organic structure. The male childs were surprised when Ace and Eyeball show up with some of their other brothers. The four male childs are threatened by Ace and his friends, but when Chris pulls a gun and fires a warning shooting, the older male childs leave. I feel that Chris found an interior strength during the journey with his friends, and he was willing to make whatever it took to protect himself and his friends. I think that s what we all hope for, to hold friends that will stand by you no affair what you re face with. In this film, I feel like Gordie surely learns the value of life, and the value of decease. The film portrays Gordie s character as one that neer truly got to mourn the decease of his older brother. He felt like he was ever populating in the shadow of his brother. It s non until Gordie sees the dead organic structure that he is able to interrupt down and let go of the emotions of losing his brother. I feel like that gave Gordie closing in that chapter of his life. He is able to allow travel of the force per unit area of non being every bit good as his brother and starts to value his ain life and is determined to do something of himself and turn out that he does nt necessitate to seek to populate up to his brother, that he is an single with his ain endowments. A As in the book, the film portrays Gordie s doggedness. Gordie overcomes the obstruction of experiencing like he will neer be every bit good as his brother. He goes on to non merely acquire a college instruction, but becomes a successful author. He overcame the little town stigma. He did nt allow himself acquire caught up in drugs and intoxicant like Teddy. He was determined to go forth the little town and do something of himself. With the aid from his best friend, Chris, Gordie did nt allow his endowment of storytelling travel to waste.

Proposed Study To Determine The Effects Of Heat On Immediate Recall Of Essay Example For Students

Proposed Study To Determine The Effects Of Heat On Immediate Recall Of Essay Videotaped Lecture In College Students, Age 18 25Proposed Study to Determine the Effects of Heat on Immediate Recall of Videotaped Lecture in College Students, Age 18 25Dana SerrataThe University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost CollegePSYC 3301.01December 3, 1996Dr. D. FreebergProposed Study to Determine the Effects of Heat on Immediate Recall of Videotaped Lecture in College Students, Age 18 25Researchers have studied many aspects of temperature effects on human perception and cognition. Thermal stress, in the form of extreme heat, has been studied by examining the human response under this environmental condition (Hancock, 1986). In this way, researchers hope to gain a better understanding of how the human body and mind react to adverse environmental conditions and adapt to those circumstances or surroundings (Bell, 1981). Many studies of this type have focused on thermal stress and human performance in the work environment (Enander Hygge, 1990; Bonnet, 1990; Meese, et al. 1984). Bonnet (1990) suggests that an elevated ambient temperature increases the stress of work. Researchers seem to agree that the core temperature of the body is closely tied to the perception of uncomfortable heat (or cold) (Bell, 1981; Bonnet, 1990; Enander Hygge, 1990; Meese, et al. 1984; Hancock, 1986). Bell (1981) states that the core temperature of the body is 98.6? F, and that an elevation of this temperature above 113?F leads to death. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) endorses a range of temperatures that may be considered ambient and provide thermal comfort for most people. This ambient range is from 76?F to 80?F with an average relative humidity of 45% (Rohles, 1973). Some researchers have manipulated the ambient temperature to induce heat stress while testing subjects on cognitive and mental tasks. Pepler and Warner (1968) had undergraduate students study a self-teaching programmed text during exposure to six different temperature levels ranging from 16.7 to 33.3?C at 45% relative humidity. These students worked at a faster rate at high and low temperatures, with a higher rate of error. Wyon (1979), who has studied the effects of heat stress on mental performance in children, found that maximum performance on a word memory test was reached at 26?C. Bell and Greene (1982) have discussed three theoretical approaches which have been applied to interpret the effects of thermal stress on performance of which attention is one; along with body temperature and arousal. In their theory regarding attention, Bell and Greene state that information overload occurs when the demand for attention exceeds the limited information processing capacity available. This situation would be more likely to occur when an environmental stressor is present. Therefore, according to their theory, task performance changes under thermal stress and promotes adaptability in the cognitive strategies used to complete the task (Cohen, et al. 1986). Unfortunately, little research has been conducted on the effects of thermal stress on cognitive and mental tasks. Most research has focused on vigilance and manual tasks which reflects the practical purpose of these studies, which have been geared toward the military and certain types of work environments (Enander Hygge , 1990). However, the research which has been conducted suggests an adverse effect on cognitive functions by thermal stress. This study proposes that the thermal heat stress encountered in a classroom will negatively effect the immediate recall ability of undergraduate college students. A post-test on content recall of a videotaped lecture will be given to two groups, the experimental group will be assigned to the hot room and encounter the thermal stress, while the control group will be in an ambient temperature classroom. Low scores on the post-test for the thermally stressed group will indicate a possible effect of heat on recall ability. Economics of Veterans Stadium EssayCohen, S., Evans, G.W., Stokols, D., Krantz, D.S. (1986). Behavior, health and environmental stress. New York: Plenum Press. Enander, A.E. Hygge, S. (1990). Thermal stress and human performance. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health, 16, 44-50. Hancock, P.A. (1986). Sustained attention under thermal stress. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 263-281. Meese, G.B., Lewis, M.I., Wyon, D.P., Kok, R. (1984). A laboratory study of the effects of moderate thermal stress on the performance of factory workers. Ergonomics, 27, 19-43. Pepler, R.D. Warner, R.E. (1968). Temperature and learning: An experimental study. ASHRAE Transactions, 74, 211-219. Rohles, F.H. (1973). The revised modal comfort envelope. ASHRAE Transactions, 79, 52-59. Wyon, D.P., Andersen, I., Lundqvist, G.R. (1979). The effects of moderate heat stress on mental performance. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health, 5, 352-361. AppendixPost-test for videotaped lectureInstructions: Please circle the one best answer for each question using only the information presented in the videotape you have just viewed. After completing the test please return it to the envelope and leave the envelope on your desk. Sit quietly and wait for further instructions. You have 15 minutes to complete this test. 1. The scientific study of mental processes of perception, memory and information processing is called:a. Cognitive psychologyb. Developmental psychologyc. Experimental psychologyd. Neuro physicsa. B.F. Skinnerb. Sigmund Freudc. John Watsond. Clara Barton3. The preferred method, according to the video, for studying problems in psychology is the:a. survey methodb. test methodc. case historiesd. experimental method4. Psychology is considered one of the ________________ sciences. a. behavioralb. physicalc. biologicald. natural5. In an experimental study there are _______ variables. a. 3b. 5c. 2d. 96. The independent variable is the one that:a. is used on the control group. b. is systematically manipulated. c. effected by another variable. d. none of the above. 7. The phenomenological approach focuses on:a. objective experienceb. subjective experiencec. instinctsd. scientific data8. Freud believed that each of us are born with:a. innate instinctsb. past life experiencesc. a guardian angeld. learned experiencesa. Sigmund Freudb. B.F. Skinnerc. Ivan Pavlovd. Jean Piaget10. The Neurobiological approach to psychology studies:a. the brain and nervous systems relation to behavior. b. the learning processes. c. cognitiond. psychoanalysisBibliographyBell, P.A. (1981). Physiological, comfort, performance, and social effects of heat stress. Journal of Social Issues, 37, 71-94. Bell, P.A. ; Greene, T.C. (1982). Thermal stress: Physiological, comfort, performance, and social effects of hot and cold environments. In Evans, G. (Ed.), Environmental Stress (pp. 75-104). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bonnet, M.H. (1990). Dealing with shift work: Physical fitness, temperature, and napping. Work and Stress, 4, 261-274. Cohen, S., Evans, G.W., Stokols, D., Krantz, D.S. (1986). Behavior, health and environmental stress. New York: Plenum Press. Enander, A.E. ; Hygge, S. (1990). Thermal stress and human performance. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health, 16, 44-50. Hancock, P.A. (1986). Sustained attention under thermal stress. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 263-281. Meese, G.B., Lewis, M.I., Wyon, D.P., Kok, R. (1984). A laboratory study of the effects of moderate thermal stress on the performance of factory workers. Ergonomics, 27, 19-43. Pepler, R.D. ; Warner, R.E. (1968). Temperature and learning: An experimental study. ASHRAE Transactions, 74, 211-219. Rohles, F.H. (1973). The revised modal comfort envelope. ASHRAE Transactions, 79, 52-59. Wyon, D.P., Andersen, I., Lundqvist, G.R. (1979). The effects of moderate heat stress on mental performance. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health, 5, 352-361.

Going Global Advertising in the 21st Century Essay Example

Going Global: Advertising in the 21st Century Paper Going Global: Advertising In The 21st Century Jeromy J. Clark 06/14/2011 In order to remain effective, the advertising industry has to adapt to changes and trends in society. Because of this, the general pattern of advertising plans will appear to essentially mirror their target market, or a specific group of people in that society, from the picket-signs of years ago to the high-tech advertisements of the 21st century. There are a number of factors that come into play, each affecting the other as well as changes and trends in groups of people in society. Some of these factors are the culture and values of the target market, their use of technological advances, their degree of communication and connectivity, and the economic conditions of that group- just to name a few. Naturally, those factors in each group contribute to the same factors in society as a whole. By exploring the history of the advertising industry, one can identify the relationship between these factors, and how advertising plans have evolved as a result of adapting to changes in these factors. Several of these adaptations in the advertising industry have proven to be effective, and so have carried over, becoming characteristics of advertising strategies still widely used even in the 21st century. Changes in society such as population size, technology, competition, buying resistance, or otherwise, require that advertising methods and strategies adapt and evolve to ensure an adequate customer demand to support that business. This is how society and economics drives the development of advertising. Every population on this planet has an economic system, or mode of exchange. We will write a custom essay sample on Going Global: Advertising in the 21st Century specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Going Global: Advertising in the 21st Century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Going Global: Advertising in the 21st Century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As populations grow, they have emerging needs, and businesses take shape to provide products or services to fill those needs. After a major hurricane hit Miami last year, Home Depot shipped in plywood from nearly every store in the southeast and still couldnt keep up with the demand. Profiting by creating natural disasters is, of course, the stuff of comic books and spy novels, but recognizing and satisfying unmet needs is the key tenet of the demand chain. When successfully leveraged, this focus on the demand chain as opposed to the more commonly-observed supply chain) can enable a company to grow its revenue by creating ‘insatiable’ demand (Emerald Insight Staff, 2004, p. 209) Those businesses will advertise in some shape or form in order to make sure that members of their population will come and get them. Economics has driven the growth of advertising since its earliest beginnings and has made it one of the hallmarks of the free enterprise system. (Arens, Schaefer, Weigold, 2009, p. 7) Advertising had been a way to influence customer demand, even years ago when at a barter-and-trade level economic system. Back when people lived in small communities, there was not a need for mass production or mass sales, and the only advertising necessary was within the earshot of their voice- but it was there. Economists and historians have determined that we experience major transitional shifts approximately every 200 years: transitions that alter economic structures, influence our culture and affect our personal beliefs and values. (Szukala, 2001, p. 10) During the preindustrial age, as populations grew, markets expanded and product demand grew with them. This growth revealed the need for advertising to develop as well. Arens, Schaefer, Weigold, 2009, p. 10) With the invention of the printing press advertising began to take the form of type in signs, posters, handbills, and newspapers. (Arens, Schaefer, Weigold, 2009, p. 12) The industrial revolution brought about urbanization, which drove businesses into mass production, which in turn led to manufacturers advertising their unbranded goods at wh olesale to retailers. (Arens, Schaefer, Weigold, 2009, p. 12) During this time, not many manufacturers advertised directly to the public, so it was up to the retailers to create a demand for their products. This brought about a new industry: the Advertising Service industry. In 1841 Volney B. Palmer bought ad space in newspapers at a bulk rate, and resold it to advertisers for profit. From there, more businesses sprang up to fill the need for an Advertising Service. In 1890, Ayer became the first ad agency to operate as agencies do today— planning, creating, and executing complete ad campaigns in exchange for media-paid commissions or fees from advertisers. (Arens, Schaefer, Weigold, 2009, p. 13) The onset of the Great Depression there was an extreme sales resistance in the overall population. Daniel Starch, A. C. Nielsen, and George Gallup had founded research groups to study consumer attitudes and preferences. By providing information on public opinion, the performance of ad messages, and sales of advertised products, these companies started a whole new business: the marketing research industry. (Arens, Schaefer, Weigold, 2009, p. 13) Advertising strategies then began to fo cus on the business brand, and what sets it apart from the others- the connotation being that its uniqueness makes it superior. This strategy worked well until the marketplace was filled with similar products claiming to be unique and better than the rest. Advertising in the 21st century is characterized by technological advances which are steadily pushing business boundaries toward a global economy. As technology becomes more advanced it becomes easier for people to communicate, and people are more connected to each other on an international (some prefer to use the terms â€Å"transnational† or â€Å"supra-national†) level. The rate of this trend rapidly increased when the fall of communism brought about the support of free trade in businesses and governments worldwide, and several regulatory changes have since been made, causing foreign investment and trade to be better received. (Bruyn, 2009, p. 181) For the most part, as a result of these technological breakthroughs and constant increase in the use of communication technologies and availability of information, the economy today is distinguished by globalization. (Perrons, 2004, p. 5) For example, where cell phones at one time were bulky and only being used in our cars, we now can easily fit them into our pockets and use them anywhere- even inside our homes. Because of this, several of us have even decided that an actual home phone line is pointless. (Green, 2010, p. 4) One of the latest advancements in cellular technology is the mobile hotspot, where one can connect several devices to the Internet from practically anywhere- literally a modem with the portability of a cell phone. Cellular phones are now on the market which can give your laptop an internet connection even while simultaneously talking on the phone. This degree of connectivity- the ability to talk to anyone, anytime, and anywhere in the world- while checking emails and instant messaging- undoubtedly facilitates a global economy. The growth of global firms has been dramatic. In 1970, there were 7,000 global companies in the world, and more than half of them were based in the United States and Britain. By the 1990s, there were 35,000 global companies. (Bruyn, 2009, p. 83) Consistent with this trend is a concept referred to as â€Å"glocalization,† which is essentially a combination of â€Å"globalization† and â€Å"localization. † Glocalization is a 21st century expression of the relationship between local society, and global society, in terms of â€Å"parts of a whole. † When this concept is applied to advertising, it allows for messages to deeply resonate with severa l local markets around the world, because people in those markets identify themselves as members of both. It gives advertisers a global reach, while maintaining a strong appeal to the individual in the market. HSBC has been a uniform brand ever since 1999, with its red-and-white logo featuring the colours symbolising happiness in many Asian cultures, while the multiple triangles provide dynamic semiotic material that can be, and has been, recombined in later campaigns. The oxymoronic strapline†¦ ‘‘the world’s local bank’’, was introduced in 2002. In 2004, the group shifted their advertising account to an international team of advertisers formed by one global agency, whereas it had previously employed a number of local advertising agencies. (Consumer Republic 2005 as cited in Koller, 2007, p. 116) Advertising in the 21st century makes it easy for consumers to make a purchase, often without even having to leave the comfort of their homes. This has an obvious impact on the advertising industry and businesses in general- provided, of course, that they are taking advantage of current technologies to promote their brand. It simply made it easier for both advertiser and consumer to prompt, initiate, and close a sale quickly. The rise of the Internet was revolutionary in advertising and marketing as a whole. With the ability to essentially bring a virtual store front right into the home of the consumer wherever they happen to be in the world, the advertising industry was changed forever. Many of us buy movies and TV episodes on iTunes or other popular Web sites. Many of us are also changing the way we get news and reading material by signing up for e-mail alerts, checking online news sites, and, most recently, using digital reading devices, or e-books, to download and read books, newspapers, and magazines. (Green, 2010, p. 5) All of these alerts, news feeds, and reading material provide advertisers with an opportunity and medium through which to promote their brand, products, and services. The 21st century brings about changes in the economic climate which call for yet another shift in advertising strategy. Now companies are realizing that their most important asset is not capital equipment or their line of products. In the heated competition of the global marketplace, their most import ant asset is their customer and the relationship they have with that person or organization. (Arens, Schaefer, Weigold, 2009, p. 19) In the now global economy, the population is so wide and diverse, that mass advertising campaigns are less capable of maintaining mass appeal. â€Å"Multiculturalism has become a central discourse in the contemporary marketing literature as marketers struggle to cope with the increasing diversity of markets. The trend towards globalisation of business strategies (encapsulated in the cliche; the world is a global village) has led many marketing practitioners to view the marketplace monolithically. (Rao, 2006, p. 15) How do you move a mountain? Steadily, and one rock at a time. Advertising efforts now have to begin specializing and focusing on specific areas of the population. The key to a company’s prosperity is the ability to attract and keep customers who are willing to pay for the firm’s goods and services. This means a company must be able to locate prospective customers; create products and services to satisfy their desires; and finally communicate that information in a way that resonates with them. (Arens, Schaefer, Weigold, 2009, p. 3) Rather than advertising with a mass marketing approach, managers began a practice that is known as market segmentation and targeting, in order to better appeal to the population, one slice at a time. Market segmentation is where members of the population are categorized and grouped according to common characteristics, and these groups are then sorted into market segments according to their likeliest to take an interest in and benefit from the product or service at hand. Targeting is the coordination and alignment of each advertising campaign so that it is appealing and attractive to members of a particular market segment. As it pertains to marketing in general, this market segment that efforts are focused on is known as a target market. As it pertains to advertising specifically, this market segment is referred to as the target audience. (Arens, Schaefer, Weigold, 2009, p. 95) The process of identifying their target market allows managers to evaluate the common characteristics of that group, assemble a profile and personality for the â€Å"ideal member† of that group, and then optimize their advertising campaigns in a way that resonates best with their target market. In other words, it allows managers to offer specific groups of people exactly what they want and need, in a way that is the most likely to get the intended reaction out of them. Businesses managers everywhere stand to gain an extremely high level of exposure taking advantage of 21st century advertising strategies, as well as develop a better lasting relationship with their customers. The result is increased customer satisfaction, more customer loyalty, a significant amount of repeat business, and a steady climb in the company’s overall profit margin. In truth there are very few businesses today that can not benefit from at least some degree of digital marketing – even if it is just providing a basic online brochure telling people what you do, and sending out the occasional update to existing customers via an e-mail newsletter or RSS (Really Simple Syndication – a way to retrieve updated posts or articles from a website automatically) feed. (Ryan, 2009, p. 20) Ne w technologies and mediums offered by this age of advertising vastly expand the depth of reach of advertisers- bringing the message right into the homes of consumers. Managers generally regard IT as only one of many possible investments that may benefit their firms. When they choose to invest in [information technology], they do so in the belief that such an investment will provide better returns as compared to other alternatives, for example, not investing or investing in other programs. (National Research Council Staff, 1993, p. 98) What’s more interesting is how new technologies of the 21st century make what used to be daunting and tedious processes quick, simple, and very user-friendly. Video marketing† has recently become the hot trend with internet marketing and advertising, with websites all over the web displaying flash videos and moving banner ads on their pages. According to Prelinger (2007), Though legacy moving image archives still perform the lions share o f preservation, most appear to have conceded leadership in access to Web services (YouTube, myspace. com video, Internet Archive, and dozens of others), most blithely unconcerned by questions of persistence, ownership, standards, sustainability, or accountability. Services of this kind powerfully engage younger media makers, enabling rapid (if visually degraded) access to a plethora of material, permitting personalized and networked tagging and annotation, linking contributors and users in increasingly complex social networks, and privileging remixing and recontextualization in ways that the typical PBS producer of the 1990s would have hardly imagined. (p. 115) Anyone can now have access to state-of-the-art video production software, and with a little and imagination, these openly available resources can transform any home office into an internet-based video advertising agency. Looking back over the years, one can clearly identify how technological advancements brought about changes in the culture and economy of society- both locally and on a global scale. As the application of these advances become mainstream in society, advertisers use these new mediums and tools to help reach the public sector in order to increase business. An advertiser’s ultimate goal is to turn as great a profit as possible at the least cost, in terms of time and money, and they have to adapt to changes in society in order to succeed, and many different strategies have been used- some of which are still used today. Such has been the driving force behind the evolving advertising plans that seem to mirror society- from the shouting to friends or passersby years ago to the high-tech advertisement strategies that we are familiar with in the 21st century. References: Arens, W. F. , Schaefer, D. H. , and Weigold, M. (2009). Essentials of contemporary advertising (2nd ed. ). NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin Bruyn, Severyn T. (2009). Civil economy : Transforming the marketplace in the twenty-first century. Ann Arbor, MI : University of Michigan Press Emerald Insight Staff. (2004). Marketing in the 21st century. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. Retrieved from http://site. ebrary. com/lib/ashford/Doc? id=10149908=7 Green, Emily N. (2010). Anywhere : How global connectivity is revolutionizing the way we do business. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional Koller, Veronica. (2007). The world’s local bank: Glocalisation as a strategy in corporate branding discourse. Social Semiotics, 17(1), 111-131. London, GBR: Taylor Francis Group, Ltd. National Research Council Staff. (1993). Information technology in the service society : A 21st century lever. National Academies Press. Retrieved from http://site. ebrary. com/lib/ashford/Doc? id=10055097=113 Perrons, Diane. (2004, January). Understanding social and spatial divisions in the new economy: New media clusters and the digital divide. Economic Geography, 80(1), 45-61. Prelinger, Rick (2007, Spring). Studies, archives and access in the 21st century. Cinema Journal. 46(3), 114-118. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. Rao, C. P. (2006). Marketing and multicultural diversity. Ashgate Publishing Group. Retrieved from http://site. ebrary. com/lib/ashford/Doc? id=10211305=228 Ryan, Damian. (2009). Understanding digital marketing: Marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. London, GBR: Kogan Page Ltd. Szukala, Brian. (2001). 21st century communication (Dossier 14). New York, NY: SciTech Educational. Retrieved from http://site. ebrary. com/lib/ashford/Doc? id=10040408=10